Study On Chinese Han Immigrants To Korea Of Ming Dynasty

It was Ming dynasty when the relationship between Imperial China and Koreatransformed into a new period, Ming dynasty established the suzerain-feudatoryrelationship with Korea formally. Official and personnel exchanges became muchmore frequent, the Confucian culture system spread further to Korea. In MingDynasty, Chinese Han immigrants went to Korea.It was different from the past, butsome new characteristics. After all, the politic, economic and culture of Korea weremuch influenced by this.Viewed from Chinese and foreign history of immigration, the populationmobility and immigrations from China to Korean Peninsula proved to be the mostmassive one continuing for the longest time. In the late Yuan Dynasty and early MingDynasty, the suzerain-feudatory relationship between Imperial China and Koreabecame to establish and develop. The relationship between Imperial China and Koreaalso turned to stable development. By the action of some background elements, suchas maritime restrictions of the Ming Dynasty, big development of Liaodong’s landtrade, activities of Jurchen, war of Northeastern China in early Ming Dynasty, etc. Theimmigrates to Korea contented of refugee of Liaodong, scattered army, maritimerefugee and immigration of island in the sea, escaped prisoners, people who wereplundered by Jurchen or Japanese pirates to Korea and the immigrated ambassadors orcraftsmen.After the war fighting against the Japanese pirates and helping the Korea of lateperiod of Ming Dynasty. Large numbers of generals in army resided in Korea. but,after the war of Saerhu, the relationship between Ming dynasty, Korea and Later Jinhad some delicate changes. What Mao Wenlong did in Duan-Island aslo influencedthe current situation. After Later Jin’s twice attack, the Korea ended thesuzerain-feudatory relationship with Ming Dynasty nominally. During the war, therewere large amount of Chinese Han immigrants, not only generals in Ming Dynastyand their descendants,“nine righteous men”,” Dynasty women”,etc,but also largeamount of Liaodong refugee entered into Korea.In Ming dynasty, the Han people immigrating to Korea are mainly commonimmigrants, and most of them are temporary immigration. For Korea, repatriatingthem has become a custom to, or even regarded as its political task completedseriously; however, immigrants who were well-educated or owned some skills wouldbe properly placed. Ordinary Han immigrants of Ming dynasty sometimes would haveconflicts and clashes with local people, but finally they would integrate into Koreannationality’s bottom living, becoming “naturalized people”. Korea adopted a policy oftaking in and accommodating toward adherents of Ming dynasty, and gave thempreferential treatment in politics and economics in policy. The group of adherents ofMing dynasty kept their own characteristics when interacting with Korean society, and participated in all kinds of sacrificial activities revering Ming dynasty and othersocial activities, which in turn exerted some influences on Korean society.The time of Chinese Han immigrants to North Korea was mainly focus on threeperiods: Late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, later Ming Dynasty and late Ming earlyQing Dynasty. The types of immigrates were very diverse. Most of them werepassiveness, Political immigrants were stood out. The route of immigrants was bothon the sea and land. The land route was primary. Before the Middle Ming Dynasty,the land route was often used. But, After Middle Ming Dynasty, the marine route wasoften used. According to the differences of Korea’s policy towards Chinese Hanimmigrants of Ming Dynasty, three groups were formed.They were temporaryimmigrants,“naturalized people” and adherents of Ming dynasty.Although that the Chinese Han immigrants went to Korea caused some losseson China’s labor force, but it further enhanced the emotional and cultural relationbetween China and Korea, and also it had a more fundamental effect on Koreansociety. In Ming dynasty, undoubtedly, the relationship between China and Korea wasat “honeymoon phase”. Korea dealt with its relations with Ming with the attitude of“Admiring China Outlook”,“Flunkeyism” and “Revering Ming and RepayingObligation” successively, which made Korea as a dependent state of Ming but same asMing’s interior territory; in addition, Korea greatly absorbed Chinese culture andtechnological civilization, further realizing their converting to the Confucian school’soriental views on morality and justice and ideas on orthodox.