Study On Cognitive Level About Domestic Violence And Relevant Factors Among Childbearing Age Women In Rural Areas

BackgroundDomestic violence means doing hurt, molestation, wreck, oppress and so on in physical to family members. It has become an important social and public health problem all over the word, which maintains a big threaten to the health of women and their children.A study from All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) showed that domestic violence existed in thirty percent of the270million families. Ninety percent of the perpetrators of violence were male and most of them were in rural families. Childbearing women in rural area were not only important labor but also the main pillar of daily life in the family. The incidence of domestic violence on childbearing women in rural area was increasing. It destroys the harmony of family, influences the people’s health, and produces serious consequences. There were many misunderstand in cognition of domestic violence among childbearing women in rural area. They didn’t realize domestic violence is a kind of violation to their legal right. They regarded it as a private thing and a part of daily life. The feudal ideology that women are inferior to men is still popular in rural areas in China. They thought men enjoyed higher status, and women should be responsible for the domestic violence. Most of them did not realize the deep reason of social gender inequality. The uneven of cognition level and misunderstanding on domestic violence resulted in the increasingly serious domestic violence situation of childbearing women in rural areas.Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the domestic violence cognition of childbearing age women in rural areas, and furthermore, to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive level, in order to put forward relative suggestions and provide theoretical basis for intervention policies and measures.MethodsStratified cluster random sampling was use in this study. Prefectures of the target province were divided into three categories-good, middle, and poor according to per capita GDP level. Simple random sampling was performed. Altogether18villages from6townships of3prefectures were sampled. Sixty childbearing women were sampled in each village. All of the questionnaires were made by us according to relative studies aboard. Face-to-face investigation was used in this research. Questionnaires were examined on the spot and then numbered. They were input with double entry and SPSS16.0was used to analyze data. Results were described by description analysis, Chi-square test, Logistic regression and so on.Results1. With the increased severity of domestic violence contents of the acts, the population number and proportion under domestic violence was increasing.2. Single factor analysis showed that education level, family income levels, bearing attitudes and family status were the influence factors for cognitive level on family violence of the childbearing age women. People with different education degree had different cognitive level on "teasing and insult","restrictions on action","threat"; People with different income level had different cognitive level on "teasing and insult ","economic control","restrictions on action","threat" and "pushing"; Childbearing Women with different per capita annual income had different cognitive level on "often made fun of or abuse"; People with different education level had different cognitive level on "restrictions on action" and "threat"; People with different family bearing concept had different cognitive level on "no talking for a long time","economic control" and "kicking"; People with different family status had different cognitive level on "often made fun of or abuse"; People with different living conditions had different cognitive level on the "threat","push","kicking", and "use tools to attack"; Childbearing age women in different regions had different cognitive level on "limiting freedom".3. The Logistic regression result showed that the top three influencing factors of domestic violence were economic problems, high education level, and gender expectation for child.ConclusionsWomen of childbearing age in rural area had misunderstanding on domestic violence. They had not enough acknowledgements about cold violence. The cognition is influenced by a lot of factors including family condition, self condition and partner condition.Suggestions1. The government should be involved in health propaganda to increase the cognition of childbearing age women on domestic violence.2. The anti-domestic violence laws and regulations should be improved, the intensity of legislation should be increased, and social punishment of family violence should be enhanced.3. The role of women’s federations and trade unions or other organizations should be fulfilled thoroughly to strengthen the protection for women’s rights and interests.4. Gender restriction on women should be eliminated from the social roots.5. The ability of social adaptation of women of childbearing age should be improved.6. A social atmosphere of anti-family violence should be actively created.7. Family planning service network should participate in the intervention activities.