The Cognition Needs、Emotiom And Framework Of The College Students To Risk Decision

In people’s real life,decisios are encountered everywhere,Since the Nobel laureate Kahneman and Tversky proposed framing effect in2002, more and more decision-making researchers began to focus on this research field,made a series of studies and obtained substantial results ultimately.Framing effect refers to when the same question is described in different way,the decision makers have the different risk prefemces.Most previous studies focused on how do the decision making material characteristics and decision makers individual characteristics influence risk decisions.On the basis of previous studies,This study introduced cognitive variables(Cognitive needs) and emotional variables to inspect the two variables respectively effect risk decision together with the framework conditions.The study is divided into two experiments:The first experiment mainly inspected the impact of cognitive needs, decision-making roles,and positive and negative framework conditions for risk decisions,using2cognitive demand(high cognitive demand levels,low levels of cognitive demand)×2decisional role(self decision,other decision)×2framework conditions (positive framework conditions, negative framework conditions) three-factor experimental design,which cognitive needs,decision-making role and framework conditions of the experiment were the independent variables,Dependent variable was the total score of risk decision defined the choice of two degree progroms in favor.The risk decision scores were higher, the participants were more likely risk seeking,They have an adventurous ferture,instead the risk decision scores were lower,the participants were more likely risk aversion,They have an conservative feature.The results found that:(1):framing effect exists really,That is under positive framework conditions,the individual tend to be risk aversion while when they were under negative gramework conditions,they tend to be risk seeking,which verified hypothesis1.(2):The main effect of cognitive needs reached extremely significant level.The risk decision-making score of high cognitive needs level individual is significantly higher than that of low cognitive needs level individual,That is the high need for cognition individuals tend to be risk seeking,and low need for cognition of individuals tend to be risk aversion,the hypothesis2was proved.The second experiment mainly inspected the impact of the emotion and positive and negative framework conditions for risk decision,using3emotion(positive emotion group,negative emotion group,the controled group)x2framework conditions(positive framework conditions,negative framework conditions) two-factor between subjects design of experiment variables.Dependent variable was the total score of risk decision defined the choice of two degree progroms in favor.The risk decision scores were higher, the participants were more likely risk seeking,They have an adventurous ferture,instead the risk decision scores were lower,the participants were more likely risk aversion,They have an conservative feature.The results found that:(1):That is under positive framework conditions,the individual tend to be risk aversion while when they were under negative gramework conditions,they tend to be risk seeking,which verified hypothesislagain.(2):the interaction between emotion and framework achieved extremely significant level,When the individual was under negative mood,the score of risk decision were significantly higher than the score of positive of negative framework conditions,that is the individual tend to be risk seeking under negative framework,In the positive framwork,the individual tend to be risk seeking under positive emotion,but tend to be risk aversion under negative framework,In the negative framework,the individual tend to be risk seeking under negative but they tend to be risk aversion under positive emotion,this proved the hypothesis7.In a word,the results of this study enriched our understanding of the influence that the college students’ cognitive characteristics and their emotional state made on making decisions.Future research could disuss the decision-making procedure and decision-making mechanism from the perspective of neural mechanisms in real decision-making situations.