| Commercial banks are essential to China’s entire national economy sectors, its operating efficiency is not only directly related to the banking system, but also to run our country as a whole has a very important macro-economic impact. By the end of 2006, the global wave of integration and financial globalization, China’s banking sector announced the full liberalization of foreign banks; while at the same time, the pace of the domestic financial system is also being accelerated, the four State-owned commercial banks with the gradual deepening of the reform, joint-stock commercial banks gradually increase the competitiveness, and China’s banking industry is highly open and competitive system has been formed. While 2008 financial crisis broke out, domestic and international economic situation has undergone dramatic changes, the operation and management of China’s commercial banks also raised a higher demand.Of commercial banks operating efficiency level of operation and management of commercial banks the most direct expression, but also the competitiveness of commercial banks in a concentrated expression, in order to continuously upgrade the competitiveness of China’s commercial banks, it must establish an efficient management system of commercial banks. The paper use the DEA models and DEA-based Malmquist total factor productivity model to evaluate China’s 13 large commercial banks’efficiency in the three-year period 2006-2008, so as to improve the efficiency of commercial banks. Main contents of this article are as follows:(A) Summarizes the development status of China’s commercial banks and the problems. First Commercial Bank of China’s corporate governance continuous improvement in recent years, mainly reflected in the improvement of regulatory rules, ownership structure and strategic investors through joint-stock reform, the introduction of continuous improvement, and corporate governance structure optimization. Secondly, the competition pattern of China’s commercial banks has changed. The entry of foreign banks and China’s commercial banks to expand overseas operations, is at this stage of competition pattern of China’s commercial banks characteristics. Third of China’s commercial banks continue to improve asset quality, profitability continues to increase. Fourth, China’s commercial banks to try Mixed. Such as commercial banks have set up fund management companies, the establishment of financial leasing companies, equity trusts, and insurance companies. The fifth is the capital of China’s commercial banks to conduct the operation become more popular. Sixth of China’s banking industry a "financial disintermediation," the phenomenon of China’s commercial banks business model and challenges.In the course of development, China’s commercial banking sector reveals a number of issues, such as the lack of financial innovation, workers and low quality, internal control is not standardized.(B) Detailed description of the commercial banks to measure the efficiency of the relevant theory. The efficiency of financial institutions, financial institutions, divided into macro-efficiency of the economy as a whole in the capital allocation efficiency and micro-efficiency of the financial institutions operating efficiency. Of this study is what commercial banks operating efficiency of microeconomic efficiency sector. And the efficiency of commercial banks also generally be divided into scale efficiency, scope, effectiveness and X-efficiency. Study of China’s commercial banks operating efficiency of the most reused with financial ratio analysis, regression analysis and frontier analysis. In the frontal analysis method, according to the need to estimate the parameters in the frontier production function is divided into parametric and non-parameter method. Comparison of parameters rather than the parameters method, there are a few advantages:1. Do not need to know the specific form of production function 2. To handle multi-input multi-output situation easier.3. The efficiency of results can identify the best way to improve efficiency 4. Can be measured out the technical efficiency, scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency and other efficiency and a more comprehensive evaluation of the bank. The paper used in the main research tool is the non-parametric method of DEA models and Malmquist total factor productivity model.(C) The use of DEA models and Malmquist total factor productivity model to China’s 13 commercial banks, the efficiency value of the measure. In measuring the efficiency of commercial banks is required before the model we use the definition of commercial banks’input and output indicators, this comprehensive consideration to the traditional business and intermediate business of commercial banks, the impact of operational efficiency, thus selected number of employees, loanable capital and net fixed assets as an input indicators, while the interest income and non-interest income, as an output indicator. Also, because of China’s large commercial banks in China’s commercial banks in either the assets or liabilities of the size scale of an absolute proportion, which selected 13 commercial banks as a sample of this research. First of all, this article uses DEA model 13 sample banks in 2006-2008, the efficiency of the static evaluation, draw the following conclusions:a joint-stock commercial banks operating efficiency to a whole higher than the state-owned commercial banks, but the gap is constantly narrowing. The state-owned banks operating efficiency behind the joint-stock banks was mainly due to the low pure technical efficiency. In the scale efficiency, from the 2008 results, the average level of state-owned commercial banks, but also slightly higher than the joint-stock banks, and this was mainly due to joint-stock banks in recent years, the blind pursuit of expansion, the management level have not kept pace with expansion level, thus resulting in a scale efficiency regress by state-owned banks catch up.2, Bank of China, Huaxia Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, the operating efficiency of the three banks are very stable for three years at the Efficient Frontier.3, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of Communications has been in the operating efficiency of 13 samples of the bank at the end of their technical inefficiency is pure technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency caused by two reasons.4. Listed banks operating efficiency should be significantly higher than non-listed bank’s operational efficiency.5, China Construction Bank and Industrial Bank’s operational inefficiency is due to inefficiencies caused by the size, but also because they are at the scale of decreasing phase, so you can downsize to improve operational efficiency. After this paper, the use of ultra-efficient models, on the same bank on the efficient frontier is compared. Huaxia Bank found that the production efficiency of the years 2006,2007,2008 rank order of first, second and third. Bank of China came in fourth place, respectively, the first one, the first one. And deep development has been relatively stable has been in second place. Finally, the use of Malmquist index and its decomposition of the production function of the three-year period 2006-2008 in 13 samples of the efficiency of the bank changes the dynamic of the characterization. Found that:China’s state-owned commercial banks to enhance the efficiency of the sample period is greater than joint-stock commercial banks, and in all commercial banks to enhance the largest is China Agricultural Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank and the Bank of China. While China’s commercial banks to enhance operational efficiency is the biggest contribution to technological changes. However, the efficiency of state-owned banks to raise the contribution of technical efficiency change greater than the joint-stock commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks in 2007-2008 between the changes in technical efficiency or even the back, while the back because there is a pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency changes have emerged setbacks. Agricultural Bank of China to enhance operating efficiency from technical efficiency change, reflecting the Bank joint-stock reform of the results achieved; Bank of China during the period of technological change in the sample increase the fastest, reflecting the Bank’s technological innovation and results. But the China Construction Bank, Industrial Bank, China Everbright Bank, Bank of Communications also appeared in the 2007-2008 annual changes in technical efficiency declined.(D) Through 13 commercial banks, the value of measuring the efficiency of China’s commercial banks operating efficiencies made targeted recommendations. First, to improve the effectiveness of the scale of China’s commercial banks, including in the corporate governance structure, breaking and administrative operations; to accelerate organizational change and achieve economies of scale; to prevent the joint-stock banks, "workers and peasants in the building" and so on. Second, we must continue to strengthen technological innovation and, as well as the promotion of technological progress. Need to vigorously strengthen the building of electronic banking and the strengthening of information technology in the commercial bank management in applications. The third is to enhance the pure technical efficiency, that is, to vigorously develop intermediary business, and constantly improve risk management and control system to enhance staff training to improve staff quality.In this paper, research methods have the following innovations:1, this article selected number of staff, loanable funds, net fixed assets as an input indicator, interest, net income and non-interest income as the output indicators, such indicators selected fully take into account the intermediate business of commercial banks in commercial banking operations in the status. Intermediate business as the future of China’s commercial banks will greatly expand the business, this selection has a certain forward-looking indicators.2, in the process of measuring the efficiency of commercial banks, the introduction of the improved model of the DEA to resolve the related issues. This paper introduces the non-increasing returns to scale (NIRS) model to solve the sample of banks to determine interval returns to scale; while the introduction of ultra-efficient model to solve at the efficient frontier with the surface of the bank’s efficiency comparison of high and low values, thereby compensate for deficiencies in the basic DEA model.3, the analysis of banking efficiency in the sample introduction Malmqusit production index and its decomposition index, from the dynamic on the changes in the value of the sample are efficient and make characterization, and the changes in the value of efficiency is decomposed into technical efficiency change, technological change and scale efficiency change to help us more in-depth study of the efficiency of change.4, this paper,2006,2007,2008 three years of commercial banks and financial data, estimates the latest changes in commercial bank efficiency and evaluated since 2006 in the state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock banks, foreign commercial banks under the co-existence pattern the efficiency of China’s commercial banks, has a strong practical significance.Of course, there are some downsides to this article. As the data collection difficulties, no commercial banks in several other national studies, such as the Guangdong Development Bank, Prudential Bank, Bohai Bank. Same time, because the same caliber in order to ensure that the data only selected a sample of the 2006-2008 three-year period, the possible scope of the study would be rather narrow. Also because of space limitations, this article does not calculate the unit cost of each input price index, which does not at all commercial banks, the cost-effectiveness analysis. Therefore, these shortcomings are also I will have to continue efforts to complete the work. |
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