| Rural settlement,as the core of farmers’ production, habitat of life and the relationship between human and land in village domain, is the result of that the farmer households response policies and perceive the nature and social economic environment.China’s vast countryside has been making huge changes that the system of accumulation is conversion from endogenous sealing to exogenous openness with the work of relevant policy formulation and implementation of the measures, promoting the development of agriculture by the industry, leading the development of country by the city and integration of urban and rural. On one hand, the desire of farmers to enhance basic living conditions is becoming stronger with their income increasing, currently,improving the conditions has been the commonness and main aspect of the consumption of settlement construction; On the other hand, the rural settlement has been endowed with new social function and is no longer the pure spatial regional settlement unit of farmers engaged in individual production and life, and increasingly becomes the carrier of rural economy and social organization which comprehensively reflect the development process of countryside, agriculture and farmers and has presented the trendy from inevitable to the gathering.Rural residential collecting as an important means to improve the condition of production and living and also as a main content of boosting the urban-rural development and the construction of new socialist countryside, has been promoted extensively in the national scope and many studies focus on the influencing factors,internal interaction,classification, form and structure function. However,there is still some shortcomings as follows needing to complete.One is to emphasize "top-down" urban community planning ideas and "one size fits all" practical mode, lacking the consideration about farmers’ forward-security resources;secondly, the choice of collecting area and the promotion of the model more focus on northern plains and the eastern coastal area of china, and less about the southwestern hilly area which is in low economical level and has great differences in different districts and over emphasizes the intensive, high construction densitya nd high construction capacity rate which can’t mix the life style of southwest hilly. Thirdly,because ignoring the differences of resources of forward-security leads to the differences of collecting desire,residence demand and the location’s choice of farmers,farmer households have still been gathered as a whole.As the actual habitant and the main body of important economic activity in rural area, farmers show many differences in cognitive, needs, and behavioral decision of how to improve their habitat condition, because of the difference in their family income, consumption concept changing, the future development direction of the livelihood. So, the cluster of rural residential areas in the new period is no longer merging the settlement of geographical spatial unit purely and simply. It is a new settlement gathering method which suit for farmer livelihoods and development rural space in hilly rural base on fully considering the rural residential cluster will, residence demands and location space choice of the different types of famers.Therefore, this study takes BaiLin village as an example which is radiation area from city in ShaPingBa of ChongQing city. Borrow ideas from the domestic and foreign research achievements and multi-disciplinary coherent concept, we have surveyed471peasant households with the "3S (GIS+GPS+RS)+PRA (participation peasant household survey)", and established the geo-database of "farmers-land" and "farmer-rural household settlements" which are connected by peasant households space characteristics and attributes integration. Use farmers living conditions and the space distribution features of settlements location information in those geo-databases, and from farmers’ future livelihoods developing direction and the livelihood transformation to identify farmers living source, then using SPSS18.0quantitative analysis farmers’ living assets to realize farmers living type dynamic division; Analysing different types of farmers’ will about rural settlement agglomeration, and deduce driving mechanism of rural settlement agglomeration from production, life demand function and policy restraint and so on. And using logistic regression model and the SPSS18.0to calculate the correlation of different types of farmers’will about rural settlement agglomeration and driving factors, and find out the decision factors of different types of farmers’rural settlement agglomeration. Analysing different types of farmers residence needs and their preferences space location, put forward "five kinds and four types" rural settlement agglomeration method which suit for different types of farmers develop their future livelihood in hilly area, and propose policy to guarantee agglomeration of rural residential reasonably and orderly in hilly area. The main research results as follows:(1)The differences of farmers livelihood asset allocation structure are significant,; According to the farmers living source and livelihood asset allocation structure,we divide rural households into five types, which are non-agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households (31.42%), non-agricultural professional development-oriented rural households (24.42%), part-time development development-oriented rural households (23.78%), agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households (13.16%) and agricultural professional development-oriented rural households (7.22%).(2)The agglomeration will of different types of farmers are difference, the agglomeration will of those farmers whose future livelihood are Non-agricultural production is higher than those farmers whose future livelihoods are agricultural production, the order of agglomeration will is that:non-agricultural professional development-oriented rural households (72.82%)> non-agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households (49.66%)> part-time development development-oriented rural households (44.44%)> agricultural professional development-oriented rural households (36.84%)> agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households (37.33%); The rural settlement agglomeration will gradually formed because the interaction of family economic integration, living environment, social interaction and policy factors, embodies the result of the game of farmers inside unripe power and external environment; The rural settlement agglomeration will in different types of farmers is difference, but the families future livelihood source and income changes are the first factor for each type farmers to consider to gather or not.(3) According to different types of households in the residential, productive, traffic condition and other residence needs and the preference of location choice of different type farmer, put forward "five kinds-four types" rural settlement gathering method which suit for different types of farmers develop their future livelihood in hilly area: community gather area which rely on the town (where are gathered by non-agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households and non-agricultural professional development-oriented rural households), group gather area which rely on the industry group (where are gathered by agricultural professional development-oriented rural households), block or ribbon gather area which rely on infrastructure (where are gathered by part-time development development-oriented rural households) and the odd settlements which rely on characteristic resources (where are gathered by agricultural diverse development-oriented rural households and agricultural professional development-oriented rural households). |
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