Eco-compensation Standards Research Of Coal Resources Exploitation In Xinjiang

Nowadays，eco-compensation is the hot issues of common concern in theoreticalcircles at home and abroad, and government departments. This paper takes coalresources exploitation as the research subject，mainly focuses on the establishment ofeco-compensation standards of coal-resources-exploitation in Xinjiang，so as topromote development of eco-compensation mechanism in Xinjiang，in order to inhibitthe ecological destruction caused by the development process of the coal resources.This paper uses the method of combining normative and empirical. This paperevaluated economic loss caused by environmental damage in Zhundong on the basisof eco-compensation standards of coal resources exploitation in Xinjiang. It is veryimportant because the discussion offers regulations in making coal resourceenvironmental protection policies，provides support in improving coal resources priceformation mechanism in Xinjiang，provides quantitative support for the coal mineecological environment compensation，as well as promoting the theory and methodsof eco-compensation standards.Economic and social benefits of the development of coal resources in Xinjiangare becoming increasingly obvious，but its impact on the ecological environmentcannot be ignored. In recent years，the exploitation of large-scale depth of the coalresources，which is bound to provide a historic opportunity for Xinjiang to build theirown economies，plays an important role in supporting the economic developments inthe region as a whole. In addition，the development of coal resources in Xinjiang canalso provide a large number of local employment opportunities， promote thedevelopment of local related vocational education，improve population quality，reducedependence on imported energy，and made a great contribution for the nation’s energysecurity. However，in the process of development，some coal companies，driven byeconomic interests，lead to lead to mining the rich abandoning the poor mining，lowrecovery rate，serious loss of resources etc.. Therefore，Xinjiang should make full useof coal resources，in order to enhance the economic and social benefits of the coalresources. According to time sequence of coal resources development of ecologicalcompensation，the costs are divided into three parts: the protective expenditure，theloss of environmental damage，the recovery and management costs. Combined withthe affordability of the business，society and other stakeholders in current conditions，this paper determined Eco-Compensation standards of the development of coalresources. That the upper and lower limits of the compensation.①Based on the costecological restoration to determine the eco-compensation standards—the lower limitof the compensation. Including the three parts of the land restoration and managementcosts，coal gangue disposal costs and waste water treatment costs；②Based onecosystem service function to determine the standard of eco-compensation—the upperlimit of the compensation， including five parts of the land restoration andmanagement costs， the coal gangue disposal costs and the waste water treatmentcosts，the loss of ecological value and the ecological environment maintenance costs.Its special natural，geographical and climatic conditions make coal mining areas’eco-system is very fragile in Xinjiang Zhundong. The contradictions betweenresource development and ecological environment protection have becomeincreasingly prominent. It is estimated five parts of environmental costs that the landrehabilitation charges，the coal gangue treatment charges，the water pollutiontreatment charges， the loss of ecological value， the ecological environmentmaintenance costs. The actual environment influence of Zhundong coal mine area is atotal charge of757.444million Yuan in2010，accounting for its theoretical cost of1674.27million Yuan in45.14%. This shows that mine areas land restoration effortsneed to be further strengthened；The actual charges of mine land restoration andmanagement is392.72million Yuan，accounting for51.85%of the costs of the totalactual environmental impact. This shows that coal mine areas cause land subsidenceand vegetation destruction have huge impact on the ecological environment；The lossof mining gangue is9.11million Yuan，accounting for12.02%of the entireenvironmental impact charges；Water pollution control costs22.50million Yuan，accounting for29.71%of the entire environmental impact costs；Coal mine area ecological value loss of about2.67million Yuan， accounting for the wholeenvironmental impact charges3.52%.Calculations showed that ecological restoration charge of Zhundong was500.54to757.44million Yuan in2010，which is computed through the lower bound andupper bound. According to the coal production of30million tons and the averageselling price of120Yuan/ton in2010，eco-compensation standards was the rate of13.92%to21.03%to the average coal price，about per ton to extract16.69to25.25Yuan. The eco-compensation standards was the rate of20.86%to31.56%to itsproduction cost which was80Yuan/ton. In addition，the coal company profit rate inXinjiang is far below the average of industrial enterprises above Designated Sizemargins，it indicates coal enterprises’ actual tax capacity is relatively low. If thiscompensation standard is still in running，coal enterprise could not afford. Therefore，in the current，that coal price is relatively low and coal tax structure is not reasonableand perfect. Government，as the resource owners and managers，should giveappropriate aids to give ecological environmental protection and repair to thoseenterprises which are out of their economic ability. But at the price of coal and coaltax structure refinement phase，the coal enterprises should take full responsibility tothe mining areas ecological environment protection and repair. At the same time，environmental organizations，or other forms of social organization or individuals mayalso provide some funding or assistance to the mining area ecological environmentcompensation.Finally，based on the conclusion of the above analysis，this paper proposedimprovement suggestions and measures of eco-compensation standards of coal mineareas in Xinjiang.