| China is a agricultural nation. The large population leads that shortage of cultivated land.Along with the rapid development of social economy and industrialization and urbanization,cultivated land decreased in quantity and deteriorated in quality, Food security and Socialstability are threatened. Strengthen the protection of cultivated land and reasonable use is agreat historical mission in the process of modernization in China. The research of cultivatedland distribution and its optimal regulation has positive significance in complete masteringcultivated land distribution timely, guiding people to use cultivated land rationally, enhancingthe production capacity of cultivated land, satisfy people on food demand and speeding upagricultural modernization. China has rich mountain area resources and has great potential inland exploitation. Unreasonable use of cultivated land seems particularly serious in theseareas. Research of the cultivated land in mountain area is good for exert its advantages andhas important strategic significance on the sustainable development of cultivated landresources and agricultural economy.In this paper, Qixia City of Shandong Province was chosen as the typical representative ofmountain area.We built the spatial databases for the study area based on the geographicinformation system technology. It created a chance for quantitative research of the analysis ofthe cultivated land distribution characteristics; We realized the exploration of quantitativedescription of cultivated land distribution characteristics and influence factors research incounty domain on the basis of topographic map in constructing the digital elevation model(DEM) by using the spatial analysis function of GIS; Using the theory of ecology niche andrural geography knowledge, we chosen speeding up the agriculture modernization process asthe breakthrough point to do the quantitative analysis of the single factor of cultivated landand comprehensive factors suitable assessment based on the support of GIS raster technology.Using the frequency histogram mutations point method realized the dividing of suitabilityrating system of cultivated land. What’s more this research presented the land use spacestructure optimizing control mode by the analysis of the characteristics of the existingcultivated land area combination with its regional characteristics. These researchachievements can provide theoretical and technical support for the current land comprehensive improvement in rural areas. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Combined GIS with digital elevation model (DEM) and used GIS space analysisfunction and query statistics function, we made the quantitative and qualitative analysis ofcultivated land distribution characteristics in Qixia, and the results show that: On the elevation,cultivated land distributed in all other elevations except that the elevation which more than500m in the county scales. It is obvious that the cultivated land has vertical differentiation,which most distributed in the elevation120-200m, with44.34%of the cultivated area in thewhole county. There are28.70%and24.49%cultivated land resources distributed in theelevation30-120m and the elevation200-300m respectively. So,97.54%of the cultivatedland distributed below the altitude of300m, and above the altitude of300m the quantity ofcultivated land only is2.46%. In towns scale, each township of cultivated land distribution isdifferent, which influenced by elevation is obviously. On the slope belt, cultivated landdistributed in all slopes in the county scales and mainly distributed in the slope belt thatsuitable for farming(slope than15°) with89.30%of the total amount of cultivated land. In theunsuitable slope belt (slope>15°) also have cultivated land distribution with10.70%of thewhole amount. The amount of cultivated land is only1.31%above the slope of25°. Thedistribution of cultivated land is significant effected by slope factors. On the slope directions,cultivated land distributed in all slope directions in the county scales. Which most distributedin the west area with the amount of7901.3hm~2. The horizontal area is3026.94hm~2whichless than half of the west area. There are5241.19hm~2cultivated land distributed in theNorthern Slope and5561.13hm~2cultivated land distributed in the northeast area. There aremore than7000hm~2cultivated land in each slope direction of the rest. On the terrain niche,cultivated land distribution indexes first rises then falls with the increase of terrain nicheindex. This reflects the comprehensive effects that the elevation and gradient to cultivatedland distribution. The distribution index in terrain niche level1-4are greater than1, they are1.11,1.13,1.22,1.14,respectively.These levels are the advantage intervals of cultivated landdistribution and this is closely related to the concentrated distribution of cultivated land in thisarea. The largest distribution index come up in the third level of the terrain niche and thecultivated land has the highest advantage degree in this terrain niche. The cultivated landdistribution indexes of the8th, the9thand the10thterrain niche almost are0all. It means thatcultivated land is not appropriate very much. All in all, from the whole distribution trend wecam see that with the increase of the terrain niche the advantage of cultivated land distributiondecreased.(2)In order to do the quantitative analysis of the single factor of cultivated land and comprehensive factors suitable assessment based on the natural ecological niche, we selecting7indexes from the topography condition, soil and climate conditions to build the suitabilityevaluation index system of cultivated land. About30.38%of cultivated land area of QixiaCity is distributed in high appropriate farming level, which mainly distributed in the flat areasin the northeast and southwest. The amount of suitable land for farming in medium level is48.72%of the entire area, which wide distributed in the flat areas in the south and centraldistricts. The amount of suitable land for farming barely is6.92%of the entire area. Theymainly distributed in the hilly area in the central and eastern districts, which seated on theedge of the not appropriate area. The amount of unsuitable land for farming is13.98%of theentire area, which integrated distributed in the east, southeast and north-west mountain area.(3)The amount of suitable land for farming in mountainous area of Qixia City is20134.00hm~2, accounting for34.99%of the total cultivated area currently. The amount ofsuitable land for farming in medium level is31450.06hm~2, accounting for54.65%of the totalcultivated area currently. The amount of suitable land for farming barely is3730.94hm~2,accounting for5.28%of the total cultivated area currently. The amount of unsuitable forfarming is2926.44hm~2, accounting for5.09%of the total cultivated area currently. On thebasis of the distribution of the cultivated land partitioning the research area into the keyprotected areas, the moderate tapping areas, the limit farming areas, the ecological protectionareas. Further more, we proposed the corresponding optimizing control mode according to theactual situation.(4)GIS can consideration of multi-factor with common function. What’s more it iscapable to do deep data mining and use of spatial data and to do fast calculation and statistics.Through the charts and graphics expression the operation results is good for the optimizing ofcultivated land in spatial distribution.GIS is a kind of important auxiliary decision means. |
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