An Emergy Study On The Tourism System Of Huangshan Scenic Spot

Emergy theory and method have been widely applied in the analysis ofeco-economic system. By using this emergy analysis method, this study, from the angleof tourism eco-economic system, gives a systemic analysis on the emergy flow ofHuangshan scenic spot from2006to2009. Based on the previous research and thescenic feature of Huang Shang, there are five novel indexes to be proposed here. Theyare emergy exchange ratio of tourism, environmental loading ratio of tourism, emergysustainability index of tourism, emergy sustainable development index of tourism andemergy tourism ecosystem health index. In addition, this study elaborates the emergyflows of Huangshan scenic spot in2009and, by applying traditional emergy analysismethods and ternary diagram, reveals the structure evolution process of resourceutilization in the eco-economic system of Huangshan scenic spot, hence giving acomprehensive presentation to the capacity of scenic spot, storing emergy and wasteemergy. Finally, some future research directions are proposed in this work for thedevelopment strategy of Huangshan scenic spot.Results of this study are listed as follow:(1) The annual total emergy was generally stable with minor fluctuation from2006to2009. The emergy of renewable resources, nonrenewable resources,construction investment, food, management and waste were relatively high, while thenet ratio of yield emergy and economy benefit, environmental loading ratio andemergy investment ratio were in low level. Moreover, there were high values in theself-supporting ratio of emergy, yield ratio of ecology and average emergy of tourismwith lower value appeared in emergy exchange ratio and tourism emergy exchangeratio. According to the general indexes, Huangshan scenic spot will be in the state ofsustainable development for a long period.(2) The proportion of renewable emergy and nonrenewable resources in theoverall utilization of emergy declined during2006to2009, while the rate of feedback emergy improved, which indicates that the dependence of Huangshan scenic spot onexternal resources has been increasing. Moreover, in contrast with the feedbackemergy rate, the net yield ratio presented a downward trend, while the emergyinvestment ratio was growing and in proportion to the feedback emergy rate. Theenvironmental loading ratio presented a slight up float, accompanying with thedeclined rate of renewable and nonrenewable resources.(3) The supporting capacity and assimilative capacity of Huangshan scenic spotmoved in ascending order from2006to2009. Land area of supporting capacity waslarger than assimilative capacity, which indicates that the environmental load capacityof Huangshan scenic spot is mainly from resources support. According to research,the environmental load capacity keeps on growing, while the environmental bearingcapacity keeps balance, which will push the economic development of scenic spot toproduce strong pressure on environment.(4) Comparing to the same type scenic spots, the ecosystem service value ofHuangshan scenic spot was relatively higher. The emergy inputted to the solid wastetreatment was8.32E+17sej, and the net ratio of yield emergy from solid wastetreatment was2.5.Accordingly，to improve the overall sustainability, Huangshan scenic spot have toincrease investment, enrich product structure、complete sanitation facility、introducecleaner energy and realize reasonable divergence of visitors.