Study On The Basic Constraints And Path Selection Of Modern Agriculture Development In Western China

In the agrarian age, the agricultural economy in western areas has created the brilliancies of the "Silk Road","Kai Yuan Prosperity" and "Tea-Horse Road",etc, however, the agricultural economy in western areas developed into the low level trap, and lags behind of the east areas for the deterioration of the ecological environment, the gradual depletion of resources, the difficulty of the science and technology innovation and the bondage of institution. Though the New China brought the opportunities of resource, technology, system, policy and other aspects for the development of western agriculture, in the trend of the modern agriculture development, some regions achieve a faster development of the modem agriculture, but the areas distribute as the points, the feature of "center-periphery" is very significant, and because of the fragile ecological environment, weak ability of innovation of science and technology, unreasonable institution arrangement and difficult to get rid of the curse of resources, the modem agriculture in the western region is confronted with the difficult of breaking through the shackles of the traditional agriculture, development is still very slow.As the representatives of the endogenous growth theory, Paul·M.Romer and Robert’Lucas noted that the level of knowledge, human capital, technical progress is the decisive factors of the economy growth; Edward Fulton.Denison pointed out intellectual progress is the most important factor in economic growth, labor education extension is essential growth factors; As the representatives of the school of the New Institutional Economics, Ronald·Coase, Douglass·C.North and Oliver·Eaton. Williamson thought that institution plays a very important role in economic growth.Now,the traditional agriculture is not only difficult to promote the fast, stable development of economy and society, but also the major obstacles of the transformation of economic development mode,the optimization of the industrial structure and the construction of main function area. TheodoreW.Schultz noted that agricultural modernization is the important way of developing economy in the developing countries, only the traditional agriculture must be modernized can it become the source of economic growth.The article is divided into eight chapters to research the development of the modern agriculture in western region:The first chapter mainly discusses the background and meaning, content and conclusion, thoughts and methods and main innovation and disadvantages of the paper, the paper studied on the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and the great development of the west region, makes the slower development in the west region as the entry point for research, systems through the basis of the theory and practice of modern agricultural development both at home and abroad, comprehensively expounds the foundation, stage, characteristics and basic constraints of the modern agricultural development in the West. Then it presented the mode, the strategic framework and focus areas of the modern agricultural development in west region.Finally, the paper proposed growth path and protection measures for the development of the modern agriculture in the west region.The second chapter mainly elaborates the theories and practice of the modern agriculture development at home and abroad. The theories of the modern agricultural development at abroad mainly includes the transforming traditional agriculture theory of Schultz; the agricultural development of three phases of Mellor; the agricultural development of four phases of Timmer and so on.The modes of the modern agricultural development at abroad mainly includes the type of small-scale peasant agriculture of saving land in Japan; the oil agriculture aimed at saving labor forces in United States and the unique mode of the modern agricultural development in northern Europe, etc.While the domestic theories of modern agricultural development mainly focus on the connotation of the modern agriculture, the land system and the cooperation organizations;the main modes mainly includes the leading enterprises promoting, outgoing government and the mode of feeding-forestry-planting,etc.The third chapter mainly analyzes the foundation, features and development stage of the modern agricultural development in the western region. First of all, this article discusses the foundation of the modern agriculture development in the western regions from the transportation, irrigation and water conservancy, information infrastructure facilities, land resources, water resources, material equipment, human resources and economy foundation, land system, the household registration system, the social security system and the ecological environment, etc. Secondly, the paper mainly summarizes the three stages,namely1949-1979,1979-1999and1999to now, the agricultural development in the west region. Again, this article summarizes the characteristics of the modern agriculture development in the western region from the productivity, business scale, industrial structure and innovation ability and so on.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the basic constraints of the modern agricultural development in western region.Firstly, the article Elaborates the basic constraints from land natural resources, water resources, human resources, machinery total power, irrigation, rural electricity and other aspects. Secondly, the article analyses the barriers of the human capital, institution, organization of the development of the modern agriculture in the western region.The fifth chapter, the six chapter, the seven chapter are the core of the paper, this three chapters discuss the strategic frame and target, overall strategy mode and the main mode of development and key development area, inner, exogenous growth path of the development of the modern agriculture in western region.First of all, the fifth chapter elaborates the general direction of the modern agriculture development from the institutional arrangement, the development principle and development target in three aspects.Secondly, the sixth chapter puts forward overall strategy model of "bibcock enterprise+financial+agricultural specialized cooperative organizations+farmer"+"modern small town"and then discusses the institutional innovation, new and high technology, resource conservation, regional characteristics and main strategic model, and then pointed out key areas.such as the Chengdu plain, the Guanzhong Plain, Xinjiang and the northern Gulf. Finally, the seventh chapter analyzes the endogenous growth path and the exogenous growth path of the modem agriculture development in the western region.The eighth chapter from the policy support system of the land, taxation, credit, investment, talents; the financial support system construction of perfecting rural finance, small credit, guarantee mechanism and so on; technical promotion;network such as professional and technical associations, Internet radio, farmer, science and technology; the agricultural industry chain such as quality assurance of grain production, moderate development of economic crops, breeding industry, sightseeing industry, deepen the food processing industry and innovation of agricultural services;the social security system which includes construction of rural minimum living security system, the new rural cooperative medical system, improving the new rural pension insurance system, the new farmers technical training system; cultivating the culture of the modem agricultural,.to put forward to build the policies, system security measures of the development of the modern agriculture in the western region.This paper argues that the development of the modern agriculture in the western region should make "adjust measures to local conditions" as the basic principle, to promote the agricultural science and technology innovation and popularize applicable technology as the main body,innovates the institutional arrangements related with the development of the modern agriculture as the key point,accumulates the human capital related with the development of the modern agriculture as the foundation, perfects the social security measures related with the development of the modern agriculture as the guarantee,makes good use of the opportunity period of the country carrying out the strategy for western development, and tightly grasp the critical period of the construction of the main body function region, and accelerate the ability of endogenous growth, realize the sustainable, stable and healthy development of the modem agriculture in the western region.