Research On Causes And Regional Effects&Countermeasures Of Land Finance

In the transitional process of urbanization of China,local finance emerge land finance as major characteristic.The situation that the centralization of financial powers and the delegation of administrative powers in financial income and expenses between central government and local government has appear after the tax sharing system reform. The current land transfer system provide a shortcut for local government to relief finance pressure.Land transferring fees and Land tax income become a new growth points in local fiscal revenue gradually.with continuous warming of real estate market,"land finance" is increasing intensified and the following problems is becoming more fierce. Therefore exploring the efficient path to end up the land finance and alleviating local government overly dependent on "land finance" have significance for coordinated development of the economy and society of China.This paper reveals institutional defect of land grant and financial revenue and expenditure of local government via analyze the origins of land finance.learning the experience and lesson of land finance’s institution of the developed countries.making quantitative evaluation on land finance effect and regional difference of shangrao city on the basis of qualitative analysis,and making a thorough explore the positive and negative effects of land finance.Finally,making institutional design to last the benefit of land finance,to solve the several drawbacks from land finance for coordinated development of the economy and society on the basis of the results of empirical analysis.The subject of paper have six parts:the first part states that the concepts and contents and forming background of land finance and summarize research conclusions of land finance of domestic and overseas scholars and build the research framework; the second part analyze the causes of Chinese local governments’land finance systematically. This part hold that the current land institutions is the institutional incentives of land finance’s origination and formation, the fiscal regime which is based on tax sharing system is institutional causes of land finance pursued by local government, the central government’s examining system of public official achievements is institutional causes of land finance’s formation and strengthen, the acceleration of the course of urbanization and industrialization in China is external motive of land finance’s development. The third part focuses on introduction of the relevant institutions and experiences of developed countries’land finance. First,states the land finance instituion of Germany.German government has transformed from levy land use value to levy land market value and make Increment tax on land value levied on a national scale, thus solve gap of wealth and social equity from land finance. Then states the land finance instituion of American.This part hold that land revenue shift to local governments’ budget revenue,simplify tax categories and levy in land retain link can in effect avoid negative effects of land finance. Finally, analyze the land finance instituion of Hong Kong. This part hold that Hong Kong’s housing system is not a perfect institution, but in fact is a profit-making institution of government’s finance and real estate developers. And it is no doubt that bring about the loss of national welfare.The fourth part is the development and current analysis of land finance in shangrao city.These include land-transferring fees, financial revenue and expenditure situations, land tax directly and land tax indirectly and so on.It is conclusion that shangrao’s government is more and more depend on land finance from2001to2010on the basis of these datas by comparison and analysis. The fifth part is the analysis of regional effects of land finance of Chinese local government by quantitative analysis method, taking the example of shangrao city. It focuses on analyze the influence relation between land finance and local economic growth, urbanization, local public service supply, the protection of land resources, urban-rural income gap, land violations, housing price. The last part is the policy suggestion which settle local government’s land finance systematically. It includes consummate land property institution, reform current land acquisition institution, accelerate the reform of the taxation system, innovate real property revenue system, promote the reform of housing system and consummate the incentive mechanisim of fiscal decentralization to government actions.