Emergy Analysis And Evaluation Of Ecological-economic System Of Qingdao City, Shandong Province

Human civilization has developed from agricultural civilization to industrial civilizationand human beings are facing population, resources, environment and other globalenvironmental problems. To rational utilize of natural resources, protect the ecologicalenvironment and achieve sustainable development, human has been seeking a common unityof measuring the relationship between natural resources, ecological environment and humaneconomic activity. In the late1980s, based on system ecology and ecological economy,famous American ecologist H. T. Odum put forward emergy analysis theory and method tomeasure the contribution of natural resources, ecological environment, goods, services,science and technology to regional economic development. In emergy analysis theory, theresearch object is ecological economic system, the process of emergy analysis includes threesteps, such as establishing the conceptual model of ecological economic system, constructingvalue index and emergy calculation. Features of an ecological-economy system of aparticular area, such as the role of environmental resources to social and economicdevelopment, can be understand by analyzing the emergy input and output, and regionalecological economy system can be assessed by compared with other countries and regions.The emergy flow of Qingdao ecological system in2012is analyzed by using the emergyanalysis theory founded by Odum. The total emergy consumption of Qingdao eco-economicsystem in2012was2.21×10²³solar emergy joules （sej）, the yearly emergy consumption percapita was2.54×10¹⁶sej, the emergy self-sufficiency rate of the system was30.9%, and theemergy/dollar ratio was1.91×10¹²sej·$^-1. Comparison between the data above and those ofother countries and regions shows that the economy of Qingdao is quite developed, people’sliving standard is comparatively high and the total emergy consumption and the emergyconsumption per capita is large, the emergy density and emergy use effeciency are both quitehigh while the emergy self-sufficiency rate is low and the foreign dependence of energy andresources is strong, and economic development formed large pressure on local environment.On this basis above, emergy controlling countermeasures are proposed includingreducing emergy consumption, raising emergy use efficiency, transforming and amplificatingadvanced high and new technology and economy developing experiences to shared emergy and wealth, strengthening the power resource development, the reasonable use of tidal power,wave energy, wind energy, solar energy and other renewable energy resources, purify emergyuse structure and raising emergy use efficiency of enterprises, constructing low-carboncommunity, reducing natural resources consumption and etc.