Monitoring Of Environmental Risk Of Pharmaceutical Wastewater With Microfauna

With the development of bio-medical technology and the continuous improvementof people’s request of healthy standard, the number of pharmaceutical enterprises andtheir production tend to a great increase. The existing pharmaceutical enterprises in ourcountry total more than5000, their wastewater emissions represent about2%of allwastewater discharged by the industrial sector, having become one of the key industriesin environmental planning and governance. There is frequent pharmaceuticalwastewater pollution in recent years, remaining us that under the existing emissionstandard, its toxicity is possible to endanger the biological and ecological balance.Therefore, looking for more effective monitoring methods and perfecting the existingemission standard are the important task for carrying out pharmaceutical wastewaterpollution prevention and governance.Microfauna mainly include protozoa, rotifer and some crustacean, tubifex class.They distribut widely in the water, and easy to make sampling inspection. When thewater is polluted, with the water environment changing, these micofauna will active inmore sensitive reaction because their requirements and the ability to adapt to theenvironment are lower than large animals. Hence, they become ideal materials forbiological monitoring of environmental quality.This article firstly carried out survey in the wastewater emissional places of twotypes of pharmaceutical enterprises: a traditional Chinese medicine enterprise and afermenting enterprise. According to the analysis of microfauna community structure anddiversity index, combing PFU indoor test, we evaluated the pollution degree ofpharmaceutical wastewater of the two types of pharmaceutical enterprises. Parameciumwas selected as biological an indicator to make the further research on individualcontaminants toxicity experiment of pharmaceutical wastewater.Secondly, this paper selecteds three priority pullutants: formaldehyde, acetonitrileand dichloromethane as the key studied object., used paramecium and Limnodilusclaparedianus as experimental materials and conducted acute toxicity experiments ofparamecium and Limnodilus claparedianus influenced by three pullutants. Under thethree culture conditions with different temperatures (5℃,10℃,25℃), we obtained the 24hours Lethal Concentrations（LC50）of paramecium and Limnodilus claparedianus.The result indicates that the toxicity of formaldehyde is significantly larger than theother two pollutants and the rise of ambient temperature plays a promoting role to toxicpollutantsIn addition, this paper also studied the effect of three priority pullutants onLimnodilus claparedianus’s antioxidant enzyme——superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase（CAT）and peroxidase（POD）. The paper preliminarily discussed toxigenicitymechanism of the three pullutants in Limnodilus claparedianus. We found SOD, POD,CAT all decreased after increasing shortly. The results show that water pollution stresscan induce the change of antioxidant enzyme inside the Limnodilus claparedianus.There are significant dose-response relationships between the activity of antioxidasesand contaminant concentrations.This paper combined microfauna community ecology research with toxicologicalexperimental research, made a synthetically analyze of pharmaceutical wastewater’scommunity effect and biological toxic effect. Thereby, the paper proposed some newsuggestions and references on environmental risk monitoring method of pharmaceuticalwastewater and the existing emission standard.