| In this paper, microwave-assisted extraction with ethanol (MAEE) of star anise oil from Illicium verum Hook.f. was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM),the star anise oil extracted by Steam Distillation(SD) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction-CO2(SFE-CO2) methods was also contrastive studied; SD-oil was purfied by the Rapid preparation chromatography; chemical compositions of three star anise oils and the distilled substances were analyzed by GC-MS; perfume property and antioxidant activities of star anise oil were also studied.The optimum conditions of MAEE were found to be17mL/g of solvent to sample ratio,16min of extraction time and505W of microwave power. Verification experiments conducted with the modified conditions of solvent to sample ratio170mL/10g,extraction time16min and the microwave power500W, the relative extraction yield was24.87%, which was almost the same as the highest theoretical yield,24.98%. The yields of star anise oil extracted by steam distillation (SD) and supercritical CO2extraction (SFE-CO2) were7.17%and2.72%, respectively.The SD-oil was purified by rapid preparation chromatography, and five parts were obtained, such as SD-R1, SD-R2, SD-R3, SD-R4and SD-R5. The main components were analyzed by GC-MS. Rapid preparation chromatography can be a good technique to separate and to purify the star anise oil.The compositions of star anise oils obtained by three methods were found to be almost the same in quality, just a little difference in quantity. Among the identified components, hydrocarbon components account for4.726%in star anise oil by SD method, while10.185%and11.871%by MAEE and SFE methods, respectively. Oxygenated organic compounds in representative of trans-Anethole were94.214%for SD method,86.657%and88.129%for MAEE and SFE methods, respectively. Anisaldehyde was not found in SFE-oil. All of them meet the international product star anise oil standard (>80%).Perfume properties of star anise oils extracted by the three methods were analyzed by electronic nose. The acquired data was analyzed by the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Perfume properties of the SD-oil, MAEE-oil and SFE-oil were analyzed. Results showed that perfume property of MAEE-oil was different from the other two, while the SD-oil and SFE-oil were similar.Star anise oils extracted by three ways were applied to the preservation of pork and winter jujube. The content of total volatile basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) in pork was measured by Formaldehyde-acetyl acetone Spectrophotometry. Results showed that three kinds of star anise oil all have effect on preservation of pork, which can extend the storage time at room temperature up to12h. Effects of three different star anise oils coated with1%chitosan on winter jujube preservation were studied. Rot rate, weight loss rate, soluble solids, skin strength and the flesh firmness were tested during the preservation. Results showed that the star anise oils can protect the quality of jujube effectively, and the oils from microwave and supercritical fluid extracts were better.0.3%is the optimum concentration of star anise oil for preservation.All of the three oils have a moderate DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, and the scavenging activity increased with the concentration increasing. MAEE-oil and SFE-oil have a better DPPH scavenging activity than the SD-oil. The inhibition of SD-oil increased sharply when the concentration increased from5to10mg/mL, even higher than the MAEE-oil. Three oils have good DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, and they have great potential to be natural antioxidants. |
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