Study On Preparation Of Heterogeneous Solid Base Catalysts And Performance To Ester-ester Interesteirfication Of Oils

Nowadays，the health issues, which were caused by trans fatty acids in the lipids,have gained much attention. However, with the development of food industry, the demondof structured lipids with function and using speciality has been growing. Ester-esterinteresterificaton, as a substitute for hydrogenation, was applied to produce new speciallipids with necessary fatty acids and without trans fatty acids. The research on solid basecatalysts, which were used for catalyzing the reaction of ester-ester interesterificaton, hasimportant significance.The three types heterogeneous organic solid base catalysts SBA-15-pr-NR3OH,SBA-15-pr-TBD and SBA-15-pr-DCOG, were prepared by using mesoporous molecularsieve SBA-15as a carrier. The1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD),Dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amonium chloride and DCOG wereanchored on the SBA-15through chemical bonds, respectively. The solid base catalystswere characterized by FT-IR, TG-DTA, elemental analysis, N2adsorption-desorption,SAXS, SEM and TEM. Those characterization results confirmed successfulorganofunctionalization of SBA-15material. Besides, the immobilization oforganofunction had no obvious effects on the SBA-15material.The catalyst, SBA-15-pr-NR3OH, was used to catalyze interesterification of lard andsoybean oil. Those factors, such as SMP, IV, TAG composition, fatty acids composition ofSn-2and melting and cooling curves, showed an obvious change after theinteresterification reaction, which indicated the activity of catalyst. After the catalyst wasused three times, the activity of catalyst was still high. The catalyst, SBA-15-pr-TBD, wasemployed to the reaction of tributyrin and methyl stearate. Effects of different reactiontime and other influence factors were discussed. When reaction temperature was80℃,reaction time was3hours, catalyst amount was1.0%(w/w), the molar ratio of tributyrinto methyl stearate was1:2, the maximum content of LCSL was87.5%. With the optimumconditions, the catalyst was used five times, and results indicated the catalyst was verystable. The product LCSL, with a melting range of29.7-35.3℃, can be used as the baseoil for margarine and shortening. The catalyst, SBA-15-pr-DCOG, was applied to theinteresterification of soybean oil and methyl stearate. Several influence factors, such asreaction time, were investigated. The optimal time, temperature, catalyst amount and the molar ratio of soybean oil to methyl stearate were4hour,60℃,10%(w/w) and1:6. Withthe solution of n-hexane, the highest stearate incorporation rate was33.4%. Afterrepeatedly used for five times, the catalyst remained high activity. Moreover, resultsrevealed that the catalyst had selectivity of Sn-1,3and activity for intra-molecular esterinterchange.