The Design Strategy Of Reactors For Energetic Materials Synthesis And Its Application

The synthetic processes of the energetic compounds usually involve strong exothermic reactions, which always release large amount of reaction heat rapidly. If the reaction heat can not be removed in time, a large number of byproducts can be easily produced, which may even result in reaction runaway and safety accidents. The safe design of the reactors for the energetic compounds synthesis is crucial to keep the synthetic processes safe after the reaction materials and process conditions are fixed. In the dissertation, to reduce the potential safety hazards and ensure the safety of the production process, the design process and strategy of the stirred tank and tubular reactors used in energetic compounds synthesis have been studied.The main contents are as follows:(1) The cold model experiments were conducted in a stirred tank reactor for eight different agitators. The stirring effect versus different agitators and their combinations were compared. The radial and axial velocity distribution of fluid of PBTD45was studied via FLUENT simulation. The cold model experiment results confirmed the consistency with the simulation results, indicated that the simulation method is feasible. Important basis for the amplifier design of impellers was proposed.(2) The principles of inherently safer design such as process intensification, minimization, greater reliability, limitation of effects were applied into the design of nitration reactors to reduce heat hazards, lower the risk probability and improve the inherent safety features of the reactors. The general design process of stirred tank nitration reactor was proposed based on conventional design manual, particularity of nitration process and engineering experience. The mixing and cooling systems of stirred tank reactors were investigated in detail based on FLUENT simulation and practical engineering experience. The blade diameter, combination mode and installation position of agitators were optimized to improve fluid flow in the reactor. Based on those results, the selection principle of diameter of agitator as well as some more specific design parameters compared with conventional design experience was proposed. The nitration reactor used in the process for the10kg pilot scale synthetic processes of the energetic compounds was designed based on the design process and strategy mentioned before, which was proved to work well in the pilot scale process.(3) Other stirred tank reactors used in the10kg pilot scale synthetic processes of the energetic compounds were also designed, including the hydrolysis, mixing stirred tank reactor. All these reactors were proved to work well in the pilot scale process.(4) The simulation method for the helical tubular reactor used in the tubular reaction process has been established. The lab-scale and lkg-scale experiment results confirmed the feasibility of the simulation. The tubular reactor used in the10kg pilot scale synthetic processes of the energetic compounds was designed and optimized based on the simulation via COMSOL Multiphysics software. In the end, some design guidance for tubular reactor for50kg-scale production was put forward based on the simulation results and experience from scale-up designation.