Planning And Design For Ecological Land Consolidation In Hilly And Mountainous Area Of Southwest

At present, the land Consolidation is in a stage of comprehensive development in China, in the economic interests of the driven around to carry out land consolidation project too much attention to increase the area of cultivated land and improve the convenience of production conditions, considering little to the ecological landscape design, ignoring farmland ecological environment protection and the ecological benefits of land management. Southwest region as the ecological barrier of nation’s numerous river basin, is an important part of national ecological security. But due to its topography, climate, hydrology and social economic conditions and ethnic customs, the influence of such factors as southwest hilly and mountain natural ecological disasters, ecological environment is fragile. Therefore, it is a very important practical significance to study on planning and design for the land consolidation project in hilly and mountainous area of Southwest for promoting the reasonable use of land and resources, improving the ecological environment and relieving contradiction of population.This study took land consolidation project of Zhusha village of Yihe town of Fuling district of Chongqing as the research object. The study area is399.26hm2include6communes, and scale of construction of the project is371.99hm2. The study area is located the north shore of the Yangtze river, and the landform is shallow-hill and medium-hill mainly, and the altitude is between176m and267m. The population were2534and the per capita income are5987yuan, and the grain output were3636.39t in2012.This research utilized ecology principle, method and technology to analyse the characteristics of the landscape pattern in the study area and divide ecological function zone of the study area and analyse the characteristics of ecological environment of each functional area, based on synthetically analysing the remote sensing images, the digital elevation model, the vector data of present situation of land use as well as social and economic statistical data and field reconnaissance. The results showed that the landscape heterogeneity was relatively high, but the landscape fragmentation degree and the landscape connectivity of the study area were relatively poor. The forest patches and the dry land patches held the advantage in10landscape elements types, and their patch density were very small, so the distribution of the forest and the dry land were comparatively centralized. The study area could be divided into agricultural production region and ecological conservation region. The rusults of the characteristics of ecological environment of each functional area were:(1)The value of ecological service function of the agricultural production region total amount was1.6704million yuan, and the region mainly undertook the biological production function of agricultural ecosystem, but the agricultural production conditions, the agricultural production environment and the residents living environment were bad, therefore, its biological production function and cultural entertainment function had to be improved;(2)The value of ecological service function of the ecological conservation region total amount was3.0441million yuan, and the region were the main defender to protect the agroecological environment. Due to the animal resource, the plant resource and the water resource were very rich in the area, and the biodiversity and the natural ecological environment were superior. Overall, the region was an ecological protective screen to maintain the health and stability of the agroecological system.The targets of the ecological land consolidation of the study area were formulated in accordance with the characteristics of the landscape pattern of the study area and the existing problems and the advantages of each ecological function zone. The results were:(1)The landscape pattern of the study area needed to be optimized, and the ecological security pattern of the study area needed to be builded.(2)The agricultural production conditions and the agricultural production environment of the agricultural production region needed to be ameliorated, and the study area needed to compass the target of the high quality capital farmland construction project.(3)The residents living environment of agricultural production region needed to be improved, and the study area should realize the village neatness.(4)The natural ecological environment of the ecological conservation region needed to be protected, and the health and stability of the agroecological system should be safeguarded. The principles of the ecological land consolidation of the study area were adjusting measures to local conditions, respecting for laws of nature, minimum interference, coordinating man land relationship and integration. The contents of the ecological land consolidation of the study area were the overall planning layout and the planning and design of the engineerings basing on the targets and the principles. The engineering types of the ecological land consolidation of the study area were classified as the land leveling engineering, irrigation and prainage engineering, country road engineering, landscaping and ecology protection engineering basing on engineering category of the conventional land consolidation and the contents of the ecological land consolidation of the study area.The general idea of the planning and design of the ecological land consolidation of the study area was to ecologically construct the agricultural production region basing on protecting the ecological conservation region. The main contents of the overall planning layout was to structure the security pattern of ecological network that its pattern was "ecological source-ecological patch-ecological corridor". The "ecological source" that it included the ecological conservation region, and the forest land and garden plot which intensely distributing and the ponds which it can be same as irrigation water source in the agricultural production region was implemented ecological protection. The "cropland ecological patchs" that it included22.17hm2dry land with intensely distributing and having high potential and the "rural habitat ecological patchs" that it included1.12hm2new peasant village were implemented ecology construction. The9879m "ditch ecological corridors" and the9262m "country road ecological corridors" were planed and designed in the "ecological patch" and the general cultivation areas, between the "ecological patchs", the "ecological sources", the general cultivation areas and the general population centers. The planning and design of the engineerings of the ecological land consolidation of the study area was to plan and design the "ecological patchs" and the "ecological corridors" concretely basing on protecting the "ecological sources", according to the principles and methods of ecological land consolidation and the overall planning layout of the study area. The ecological land leveling engineering of the study area was to merger the piece of dry land and build the ridges of hemerocallis basing on avoiding to destroy the structure and texture of soil furthest for the "cropland ecological patchs". The irrigation and prainage engineering of the ecological land consolidation of the study area that it implemented the ecological ladders, and it builded natural water environment and increased afforested areas was to plan and design the irrigation canals of wet masonry bricks and the drainage trenchs of wet masonry pebbles in the "cropland ecological corridors" and other general cultivation areas. The country road engineering of the ecological land consolidation of the study area that it used the clay-bound macadam, and it implemented "ecological culvert" and increased afforested areas was to plan and design some rural roads in the agricultural production region. The landscaping and ecology protection engineering of the study area was to plant some ornamental plants and to arrange some leisure facilities in the "rural habitat ecological patchs", and it was to construct the slope protections with the ecological bags in some unsteadiness slopes.