Evaluation Of Ecological Environment Quality In Northeast Boundary River Area Based On Remote Sensing And GIS Techniques

Ecological environment is not only the basis for human survival environment,but also the safeguard of socio-economic sustainable development. Assessingeco-environmental quality of a region can fully know eco-environmental conditionand contribute to formulate the plan of economic development in the region.There are many advantages by using remote sensing technology charactered byobserving large areas simultaneously, high level of timeliness, strong synthesis andcomparability of data, as well as getting information under fewer constraints. Thereare lots of functions of GIS, such as counting, analyzing and processing spatialinformation. Therefore, this paper prefers to use RS and GIS technology to assesseco-environmental quality.In this paper, length range of the study area is from Changbaishan Tianchi toKhabarovsk in northeast border river and width range is40kilometers. The study areaincluding the border parts of China, Russia and North Korea. In recent years, theecological environment is seriously threatened in border river areas. Motivated byprofit, Some people has illegally been cultivating, grazing, reclaiming and evenfishing in the border river areas regardless of laws and regulations. These doingsseriously affect the social stability in the border area. Destructing the ecologicalenvironment of river basins can affect river runoff, riparian stability and cause soilerosion, river diversion. For the border river, the destruction of the eco-environmentalquality can cause more serious consequences. So it is necessary to assesseco-environmental quality of the northeastern border river areas.This paper selected small valley as the assessment unit. The study area wasdivided into137small valleys based on hydrological analysis function of ArcGIS.The paper extracted and analyzed some eco-environmental factors, such as the terrainelements (elevation, slope, aspect), meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation),land use condition and vegetation cover fate and so on. Assessing method used in thispaper was based on the actual situation of the study area and referred 《Eco-environment assessment of technical specifications(for trial implementation)》released by State Environmental Protection Administration in2006. This paperselected biological abundance index, vegetation cover index, water density index,land degradation index, human activity index as the indexes of eco-environmentalquality assessment and calculated ecological environmental synthesized indexes of137small valleys in study area by the synthetical index method. According to theresult of the calculated ecological environmental comprehensive index,137smallvalleys were classified. The classification results are as follows: ecologicalenvironmental quality rating of "excellent"0; ecological environmental quality ratingof "good"37; ecological environmental quality rating of "general"50; ecologicalenvironmental quality rating of "poor"48; ecological environmental quality rating of"worst"2.As can be seen from the results of the assessment, the Russian overall ecologicalenvironmental quality is better than Chinese, the Chinese overall ecologicalenvironmental quality is better than Korean.