| EXPO 2010 will be held in Shanghai China and by prediction this six-month pageant will attract at least 70 million tourists over the world. During this period, a large amount of refuse will be generated. In this work, the refuse quantity and components in the coming EXPO, site investigation on the public opinion towards the refuse collection and sorting patterns, and the bag-opening machine design and operation, etc., were studied.Firstly, it is necessary to find out a demonstration area to investigate the MSW characteristics, because EXPO 2010 haven’t been held yet. Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street was finally selected to be the most suitable area after comparing several famous scenic spots in Shanghai. On-site investigation of the quantity and component of Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street MSW was carried throughout for one year. Samples were taken back to laboratory for manual separation and component analysis once a week.Secondly, questionnaires about the possible collection means of EXPO 2010 MSW were designed. Home and abroad tourists were randomly asked to answer these questions, and to propose suggestions about sorting collection.Meanwhile, a bag-opening machine with a handling capacity of 150 kg/h MSW was designed and manufactured. The optimum operational parameters were drawn in terms of rev, form of blade mouth, number and collocation of blade, etc.On-site investigation results at Nanjing Road showed that the components of Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street MSW were much less than typical MSW generated in Shanghai. Based on the on-site investigation results and the empirical data from former EXPOs, about 19, 600 to 24, 500 tons MSW was predicted during the 184 days EXPO 2010 (about 106 t/d～133 t/d). Its main components would be food wastes (45%～50%), waste plastic (about 20%) and waste paper (about 25%), respectively. The rest wastes could be diapers, wood, metal, glass and so on.The size distribution of Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street MSW was found to be different with the typical MSW generated in Shanghai. The mesh size of trommel with 30 mm and 80 mm were recommended for the mechanical separation of the wastes generated at Nanjing Road. Fractions less than 30 mm in size were composed of food wastes, with a percentage of 95% balanced by the plastic and rest wastes. The percentages of waste paper and food wastes in the fractions between 30 mm and 80 mm were 45.8% and 36.8%, respectively. As the paper in this fraction was highly polluted, it could be incinerated or composted with food wastes. Fractions bigger than 80 mm in size were mainly composed of paper (58.8%), which was slightly polluted and had a high recyclable value, and plastic (31.6%) in succession. Trommels of 30 mm and 80 mm mesh diameter could be combined for the mechanical gradient separation for EXPO 2010 MSW.In order to meet the requirement of trash collecting and throwing, at least 864 groups of trash bins should be installed in EXPO garden. Each group would include 4 trash bins for the collection of food wastes, waste plastic, waste paper and rest waste, respectively. A toilet should be provided for every 300 m～500 m in distance, with enough space for baby-changing to prevent diapers mixed in EXPO 2010 MSW.The result of questionnaires showed that sorting collection in EXPO 2010 would be feasible. Public awareness should be enhanced and clear notes be shown in the collection facilities so that the people can throw their wastes into the correct bins. Few tourists suggested that a fine may be charged when someone chucks trash randomly, but the most deem that moral education would be the best way to realize sorting collection. Television and newspaper is the main propaganda way. Internet and community propaganda, especially internet, is non-negligible reserve propaganda way and is becoming more and more important.The laboratory research on the optimum operational parameters of bag-opener showed that its best blade collocation should be level mounted rotating blade with smooth mouth and vertical mounted fixed blade with saw-toothed mouth. Each group of blades composed of 2 rotating blades and 4 fixed blades. Both plastic disposal bags and large-size plastic containers can be broken completely, when there were six groups of blades with a rotation velocity of 150 rpm and 390 rpm, respectively. When the rotation velocity was 450 rpm, 93% of plastic bottles and all cups of test could be shredded. 3～6 groups of blades were proposed based on the practical operation.In addition, a bag-opening machine, trommel and horizontal air-separator, with a handling capacity of 150 kg/h were integrated to separate the wastes. The optimum operational parameters were drawn. |
PDF Full Text Request