Architecthral Heritages Study Of The Southern Branch Of Chinese Eastern Railway

The phenomenon of “railway-settlement” has been playing a significant role inChina’s modern history. It is a special colonial region caused by Japan and Russia forcompeting for the control of Northeastern railway in China when China was divided bythe world powers. Along with the construction of South Manchurian railway and thedevelopment and construction of railway settlements, the cultural transmission betweencountries and the geographical contact was promoted. Northeastern region was forced tobe engulfed by industrial civilization and the northeastern modern urban system wasestablished. Cities which depend on distribution of agricultural products, porttransportation and mining began to develop prosperously. Thanks to the development andconstruction of the railway settlements, many modern historical buildings have beenremained which represent the architectural art features in the context of colonial culturalinvasion and are the rare precious heritage in modern architectural history of china.The related research on the architectural heritage in railway settlements continues toheat up this year. Referring to the Chinese Eastern Railway Construction Directoryissued by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and a large number of historicaldocuments, this paper carries on systematic comparative study, analysis and classification.Taking the Historical and cultural connotation implied by the building heritage as anentry point, the paper also presents the formation and development of railway settlementsin a vertical historical sequence. Moreover, this paper gives a general overview of thegeographical distribution and composition in the subsidiary areas and the features of theurban planning in railway-subsidiary areas. The paper lays the first foundation of thehistorical and cultural connotation for further clarifying the composition of thearchitectural heritage in the subsidiary areas, making this part of the heritage have moredynamic correlation.The main part of this paper is an overview of the historical data, urban constructionin subsidiary areas and the research on the status of the existing heritage. Accordingly,the composition of the historic buildings in railway-subsidiary regions is classified in thispaper. In addition, the paper makes a detailed description and analysis on outstandinghistoric buildings from the aspects of history of architecture, architectural style, anddesign overview and so on, and then discusses the artistic style of the historic buildings in the railway-subsidiary regions. Contrasting the history of the development of modernJapanese architecture and the features of different styles, the paper compares and locatesthe genre of a large number of modern architectural heritages transplanted in Northeast.Analyzing from the design work by "sea-crossing architect” which is active in theNortheastern colonial construction in modern Japan and by the South ManchurianRailway architecture lesson of important design groups, the paper finalizes thearchitectural art tendency from historicism to modernism and the compromising andcomplex variation tendency derived from this architectural art tendency so as to clarifythe influence of Japanese architects who are affected by Western architectural culture onNortheastern early urban construction and further deepen the main content of the study.Finally, by summarizing the content, analyzing the modern architectural heritage inrailway-settlements and research achievements, the paper explains rich historical andcultural value and architectural value, and highlights the historical and culturalsignificance and the value of creation contained in this part of the architectural heritage.They not only witness the colonial aggression and cultural invasion, but are theachievements created by the hands of the working people in China. This is an importantpart in the history of Northeastern modern architecture and can provide results for futureconservation work, academic research and the development and construction of the cityto achieve the purpose of transmitting culture.