Analysis On Architectural Form Characteristics Of South Manchuria Railway Settlement From Cultural Diffusion

South Manchuria Railway Settlement originated from the construction of northeast railway in China,its development takes long period of time,and a wide geographic span is included,which is a special historical phenomenon in a specific period.Many cities such as Jilin and Liaoning involved in South Manchuria Railway Settlement have been influenced by western architectural culture in colonial building with nearly half a century,especially that they accepted industrial civilization passively,and northeast became an urban system which is linked by transportation from farming plains.The planning of these urban spaces and buildings of all styles carried the characteristics which are possessed by architectural culture of railway settlement.The involved relevant historical buildings witnessed the influence brought by colonialist culture communication to architectural activities under the specific historical period to a certain degree.From the perspective of interdisciplinary comprehensive study,South Manchuria Railway Settlement is selected as study object in this paper through applying the associated subjects’ theories of culture diffusion based on combining with the relevant urban sociology,architectural history and other documents formed with architectural culture.Taking the communication and evolution of foreign architectural culture as clues,the formation progress of South Manchuria Railway Settlement and evolution progress of its architectural morphology are systematized,and it is discussed with multi-disciplinary and multi-level.The process of cultural diffusion mainly includes distinct stages such as contact,selection,adoption,integration and so on.Northeast China was at the edge of the architectural culture of the Central Plains at that time and its original culture was in a state of backwardness.So the industrial culture and national culture of Russia and Japan entered and hosted Northeast China and became the foreign culture birthplace of South Manchurian Railway architectural cultureThe development and diffusion of South Manchuria Railway Settlement architectural culture were motivated by human,economy,technology,religion and other factors.Meanwhile,the construction and development of South Manchuria Railway Settlement were further promoted.On the one hand,western classical architectural culture which spread to Japan and Russia was indirectly spread to China via architect.Thus,the whole trend and change of South Manchuria Railway Settlement architectural culture stayed the same as the architectural culture in Japan in the same period.Both of them change from classical style to international style.On the other hand,the foreign architectural culture which was composed of various architectural ideas from all over the world comes to the South Manchuria Railway Settlement.After various cultures gathered in Northeast China and came into contact with each other,they began to test,collide and communicate with each other,and finally various cultures fused together to form South Manchuria Railway Settlement architectural culture.Finally,we come to the conclusion that on the condition of colonial architectural cultural practice which did not get direct influence from their own countries,the wave of modern global transformation result in the continuous development of South Manchuria Railway Settlement architectural culture.It was the essential attribute of South Manchuria Railway Settlement architectural culture.