Plant Diversity Research And Plant Landscape Analysis In Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park

Urban wetland has become an integral part of the city ecosystem gradually; it plays an extremely important role in balance of the city ecosystem, improvement of the urban environment and protection of the urban biodiversity. Urban wetland park is one of the concrete manifestation forms of the urban wetland ecosystem, which has the functions for touring, relaxation, visiting and science education, and it can display the value of urban wetlands. The plant is one of the main elements of the landscape construction in urban wetland park; it is a direct relationship between the overall landscape of an urban wetland park and plant species diversity, plant quantity diversity, plant collocation quality. Wetland plants as an important component of the wetland park which is one of the key characteristics in the urban wetland system, its structure, function, ecological characteristics and diversity also reflect the plant eco-landscape characters of urban wetland park. On the basis of survey and analysis of the urban wetland plant diversity, the author divided the whole park to some zones to analyze and evaluate the plant landscape of this park, and made some suggestions for the unconstructed plant landscape area of the park. The main results are as follows:1. In Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park, there are233species vascular plants (including13varieties and1form), belonging to77families and165genera. Amount of these plans, there are5families,5genera and5species pteridophyte; the spermatophyte are72families,160genera and228species, which include3families,4genera and4species gymnosperms and69families,156genera and224species angiosperms; In all angiosperms, monocotyledons are25families,68genera and115species, and dicotyledons are44families,88genera and109species.2In Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park, Gramineae contains the most genera (17genera); as follows are Compositae, Cyperaceae, Leguminosae, Araceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae and Liliaceae, there are totaling42genera. These8families’plants occupy an important position in this wetland park.3On geography flora of genera of wetland plants shows that there are66genera belong to tropical type and have the largest proportion; there are46genera belong to temperate type. The amount ratio of tropical type and temperate type is1:0.70, this result fully reflect Kunming locates the subtropical temperature zone with Mexico climate type, that is to say these plants have zonal characteristics. Pantropic type is a large proportion in number of genera, it shows that Kunming plants have transitional feature.4The dominant life form of vascular plant is herbage plant in Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park, there are189species which including perennial herbs, annuals herbs and aquatic herbs, Compared with these kinds of plants, more than one third of the total number of species is perennial herbs (86species), followed by aquatic herbs(63species) and annual herbs(40species); the species of tree and shrub are almost same, with17species and18species; the species of semi-shrubs and small shrubs have only4species.5Because of the differences of ornamental function regions in Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park, the plant diversity index is different. In entrance area, the plant species are small but well-distributed, it shows low plant richness and species diversity level but high plant evenness; In main viewing area, the plant species are rich and concentrative distribution, it shows plant richness index, diversity index and evenness index reach high levels; Compared with the entrance area, in exit area, it shows the larger diversity index, but still in the low level.6The plant landscape construction of Kunming Pan-Asia Urban Wetland Park is that individual parts have prominent features, but the overall parts are different. The main characteristic are the highlight view in main areas, plant landscape construction is deficient in entrance and exit areas, the water landscape construction is more significant difference, the type of the single kind of plant landscape appears in some area and the color of plant landscape is paid attention.