Investigation On Soil Fertility And Environmental Quality In Typical Chinese Medical Bases In Bozhou City, Anhui Provinces

Soil fertility plays an important role in the productivity and the active contents ofChinese medical，soil environmental quality is a critical factor determining the Chinesemedical quality. Bozhou city is a worldwide famous Chinese medical capital due to its longplanting history，and the Chinese medical production is also characteristic industry inBozhou city. However，soil fertility and soil environmental quality in Chinese medical baseof Bozhou city absent systematic studies. The soil nutrition elements (such as organicmatter; total nitrogen，available P，available K，available Cu and Zn) as well as the soiltotal and available heavy metals (such as Cd，Cr，Cu，Zn，Pb and Ni) in typical Chinesemedical，crop land，vegetable and orchard soil were analyzed. The soil fertility and soilenvironmental quality assessment in different soil utilization types in Bozhou city werealso evaluated by using integrated fertility index (IFI) and weighted averagecomprehensive index methods. The main results are as follows:1. In Chinese medical，crop，vegetable and orchard planted soil: the contents of organicmatter ranged from11.3to28.74、from15.2to18.6、from16.5to19.9and from5.89to8.30g/kg，with the mean levels were18.94、17.30、18.55and7.52g/kg， respectively;the total nitrogen ranged from0.27to0.82、from0.27to1.07、from0.56to0.70andfrom0.29to0.68g/kg with the mean levels were0.46、0.63、0.63and0.51g/kg，respectively; soil available P were between24.6and75.2、between25.3and69.1、between35.6and73.5and between30.7and48.3mg/kg with the mean levels of41.1、43.8、56.0and41.3mg/kg，respectively; soil available K were between86.4and226.5、between76.4and256.5、between113.9and263.9，and between86.4and198.9mg/kg，and the mean contents were160.2、175.2、188.3and150.2mg/kg，respectively.2. The soil nutrition integrated fertility index (IFI) in Chinese medical，crop，vegetableand orchard planted soil were87.8，77.8，97.8and67.8，respectively. The soil nutritiongrade were the first，the second，the first and the third grade in in Chinese medical，crop，vegetable and orchard planted soil，respectively. This indicated that soil fertilities in Chinese medical and vegetable planted soil were in high level，the crop soil was inthe relative high level，and the orchard soil was in the medium level.3. In Chinese medical，crop，vegetable and orchard planted soil: the total Cd were rangedfrom0.90，0.40and0.55mg/kg with the mean contents were0.26、0.56、0.10and0.32mg/kg，respectively; the total Cr ranged from168.9to266.9、from179.4to244.1、from167.3to203.8and from181.0to241.5mg/kg with the mean levels were207.1、214.1、183.5and212.4mg/kg，respectively; the total Zn ranged from193.4to591.5、from360to638、from233to604and from193to429mg/kg，with the mean contentswere370、500、389and283mg/kg，respectively; the total Pb ranged from343.1to1548.6、from365to569、from457to545and from585to1085mg/kg，the mean levelswere545.4、479.8、450and759.3mg/kg，respectively; the total Ni were between88.6and146.7、between94.2and130、between83.9and105.3and between87.5and133mg/kg，the mean contents were107.9、112.9、91.6and112.3mg/kg， respectively.4. In Chinese medical, crop, vegetable and orchard planted soil: the available Cd wereranged from0.049to0.086， from0.02to0.09， from0.02to0.07，and from0.04to0.08with the mean contents were0.07、0.06、0.05and0.07mg/kg，respectively; theavailable Cr ranged from0.035to0.06、from0.039to0.07、from0.04to0.04and from0.04to0.08mg/kg with the mean levels were0.03、0.04、0.03and0.05mg/kg，respectively; the available Cu ranged from0.34to6.25、from3.56to5.47、from4.70to17.7and from2.03to6.01mg/kg， with the mean contents were4.27、4.73、11.8and3.79mg/kg， respectively;the available Zn ranged from1.28to2.48、from0.44to5.31、from2.79to23.0and from0.21to5.11mg/kg，with the mean contents were2.48、2.91、13.3and2.36mg/kg， respectively; the available Pb ranged from4.63to8.67、from3.06to7.04、from2.75to10.2and from2.96to8.04mg/kg，the mean levels were5.88、5.36、5.64and5.36mg/kg， respectively; the available Ni were between0.46and0.82、between0.34and0.86、between0.47and0.85and between0.14and0.61mg/kg，the mean contents were0.60、0.68、0.71and0.40mg/kg，respectively.5. The single factor pollution index(PI) of Cd and Cr in the soil planted Chinese medical,crop, vegetable and orchard were ranged from0.16to1.26and from0.59to0.82， respectively which were lower than one, but the mean PI of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were1.67、1.73、1.57and1.32，which were higher than one. The Nemerow pollution indexin Chinese medical, crop, vegetable and orchard soil were1.29,1.38,1.14and1.45，respectively. All the The Nemerow pollution indexes were higher than one，whichdemonstrated that all the soils were slight contaminated. The weighted averagecomprehensive index of heavy metals in Chinese medical, crop, vegetable and orchardsoil were1.13,1.47,0.98and1.39，respectively. The weighted average comprehensiveindex of heavy metals in Chinese medical，vegetable and orchard soil were in the thirdgrade，which were in contaminated level，and the second grade were found in cropland，which indicated it was in the relative clean level.6. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in different herbal medicines ranged from0.06to0.39, from5.88to9.31, from41.96to76.5, from5.21to8.33, from5.97to18.9,and from33.14to62.18mg/kg, with the mean level of0.19,6.99,53.67,7.26,20and47.9mg/kg, respectively. The total heavy metal contents in several Chinese herbalmedicines were ranged from94.76to145.12mg/kg, with the mean value of125.2mg/kg, which followed the order of: Xuanshen> Zhimu> Jiegeng>Baizhi>Baishao> Mudan>Zidanshen.7. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in different herbalmedicines ranged from0.38to1.51，from0.03to0.04, from0.22to0.39, from0.05to0.08, from0.01to0.03and from0.09to0.17, and the mean level was0.74,0.28,0.07,0.016, and0.13, respectively. All the BFAs were lower than one except Cd inzidanshen and banshao which were1.51and1.12, respectively.8. The total fluoride concentrations in surface soil (0～20cm) ranged from278.4to625.6mg/kg，with the mean value of532.8mg/kg，and the soluble fluoride contents insurface soil were between5.02and16.3mg/kg with the mean value of9.88mg/kg，respectively. The total fluoride concentrations in surface soil were higher than that insubsoil (21～40cm and41～60cm)，which indicated that some fluoride was enriched insurface soil. the irrigation water quality standard (<2.0mg/l) for Nuisance～free herbalmedicine production. The fluoride contents in several Chinese herbal medicines were ranged from26.1to33.5mg/kg，which followed the order of: Mudan>Baizhi> Baishao>Zhimu>Xuanshen> Jiegeng>Zidanshen. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of soilsoluble fluoride in different herbal medicines ranged from2.60to3.39， and thehighest and lowest BAF were found in Mudan and Zidanshen，respectively.