Study On Biological Activity Of Ethanol Extracts From Different Bamboo Shoots And Bamboo Shells

Bamboo is a perennial evergreen plant from Bambusoideae of Gramineae. Its tenderyoung growth is called bamboo shoot, used as a kind of traditional forest vegetables.Bamboo shoots have various bioactive substances, such as flavonoids, polyphenol,alkaloids, dietary fiber, which have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory andanti-bacteriostasis effects, thus bamboo shoots have high values in food and medicalcare.In present study, different species and seasons of bamboo shoots and their processingwaste （bamboo shell） were used as raw materials for ethanol extraction, and determinedthe extracts’ bioactivities, including scavenging free radicals, antioxidant activity onedible oils, and antimicrobial effects，to provide theoretical basis of natural antioxidantsand preservative, and to improve the exploitation, utilize and economical benefit ofbamboo shoot and bamboo shell. Research results were summarized as follows:1. Taking Vitamin C as control group, we determined the elimination of DPPH·,· OHand O₂^-· through spectrophotometry, phenanthroline spectrophotometry and pyrogallolautoxidation. The comparative reducing power was determined by Prussian blue reaction,and the total oxidation resistance was based on FRAP assay. Results showed that （1） inthe aspect of scavenging DPPH·, the eliminative ability of Phyllostachys pubescens shellwas the most powerful, and P. praecox shoot’s ability was the least one among differentbamboo shoots and bamboo shells. However, all the tested extracts’ bioactivities wereless than that of Vc. The bioactivities of different bamboo shoots from stronger to weakerwere P. pubescens shoot, Dendrocalamus latiflorus shoot, winter-bamboo shoot, P.praecox shoot. The bioactivities of different bamboo shells from stronger to weaker wereP. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, D. latiflorus shell, P. praecox shell. Thebioactivities of P. pubescens shoots and shells in different seasons from stronger toweaker were P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, P. pubescens shoot,winter-bamboo shoot.（2） In the aspect of scavenging· OH, the eliminative ability of P.pubescens shoot was the most powerful, even better than Vc. All of the others were lesspowerful than Vc, and P. praecox shoot’s ability was the least powerful. The bioactivitiesof different bamboo shoots from stronger to weaker were P. pubescens shoot,winter-bamboo shoot, D. latiflorus shoot, P. praecox shoot. The bioactivities of differentbamboo shells from strong to the weak respectively were P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, D. latiflorus shell, P. praecox shell. The bioactivities of P.pubescens shoots and shells in different seasons from stronger to weaker were P.pubescens shoot, winter-bamboo shoot, P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell.（3） Inthe aspect of scavenging O₂^-·, the eliminative ability of P. s pubescens shell was the mostpowerful, and P. praecox shell’s ability was the least powerful among different bambooshoots and bamboo shells，but all the tested extracts were less powerful than Vc. Thebioactivities of different bamboo shoots from stronger to weaker were winter-bambooshoot, P. pubescens shoot, D. latiflorus shoot, P. praecox shoot. Whereas thebioactivities of different bamboo shells were P. pubescens shell, D. latiflorus shell,winter-bamboo shell, P. praecox shell. The bioactivities of P. pubescens shoots andshells in different seasons from stronger to weaker were P. pubescens shell,winter-bamboo shoot, P. pubescens shoot, winter-bamboo shell.（4） In the aspect ofcomparative reducing power, the comparative reducing ability of winter-bamboo shellwas the most powerful, and P. praecox shoot’s ability was the least powerful amongdifferent bamboo shoots and bamboo shells. The bioactivities of different bamboo shootsfrom stronger to weaker were D. latiflorus shoot, winter-bamboo shoot, P. pubescensshoot, P. praecox shoot. The bioactivities of different bamboo shells from stronger toweaker were winter-bamboo shell, P. praecox shell, P. pubescens shell, D. latiflorusshell. The bioactivities of P. pubescens shoots and shells in different seasons fromstronger to weaker was winter-bamboo shell, P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shoot, P.pubescens shoot.（5） In the aspect of total oxidation resistance, the antioxidant ability ofP. pubescens shell was the most powerful, and P. praecox shoot’s ability was the leastpowerful among different bamboo shoots and bamboo shells，but all the tested extractswere less powerful than Vc. The bioactivities of different bamboo shoots from strongerto weaker were P. pubescens shoot, D. latiflorus shoot, winter-bamboo shoot, P. praecoxshoot. The bioactivities of different bamboo shells from stronger to weaker were P.pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, D. latiflorus shell, P. praecox shell. Thebioactivities of P. pubescens shoots and shells in different seasons from stronger toweaker were P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, P. pubescens shoot,winter-bamboo shoot.2. Taking BHA, BHT and VEas control group, we used POV, AV as well as TBA todetermine the antioxidant activity of different species and seasons of bamboo shoots andshells on edible oils. Results showed that （1） in peanut oil，the antioxidant ability of winter-bamboo shoot was the most powerful, and0.2%winter-bamboo shoot was betterthan0.02%VEbut less than0.02%BHA or0.02%BHT. All the others were lesspowerful than0.02%VE, and winter-bamboo shell’s ability was the least powerful. Thebioactivities of different bamboo shoots from stronger to weaker were winter-bambooshoot, D. latiflorus shoot, P. pubescens shoot, P. praecox shoot. The bioactivities ofdifferent bamboo shells from stronger to weaker were P. pubescens shell, P. praecoxshell, D. latiflorus shell, winter-bamboo shell. The bioactivities of P. pubescens shootsand shells in different seasons from stronger to weaker were winter-bamboo shoot, P.pubescens shoot, P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell.（2） In lard oil, the antioxidantability of P. praecox shoot was the most powerful. When the conceration of extracts was0.2%, P. praecox shoot, D. latiflorus shoot and P. pubescens shell were all better than0.02%VE, but less than0.02%BHA or0.02%BHT. All the others were less powerfulthan0.02%VE, and P. praecox shell’s ability was the least powerful. The bioactivities ofdifferent bamboo shoots from stronger to weaker were P. praecox shoot, D. latiflorusshoot, P. pubescens shoot, winter-bamboo shoot. The bioactivities of different bambooshells from stronger to weaker were P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, D.latiflorus shell, P. praecox shell. The bioactivities from stronger to weaker in differentseasons were P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, P. pubescens shoot,winter-bamboo shoot.3. The antimicrobial effects of aqueous alcohol extracts from shoots and shells ofdifferent bamboos were studied by agar dilution method and Oxford-cup test, and thecontrol group was100mg/mL potassium sorbate. Results showed that extracts couldinhibit the growth of bacteria，but all the extracts had inhibition on mould. The effect onEscherichia coli showed that three kinds of extracts could inhibit E. coli, and thebioactivities of extracts from stronger to weaker were P. pubescens shell, P. pubescensshoot, P. praecox shoot, and the effect of150mg/mL P. pubescens shell was the same as100mg/mL potassium sorbate. The effect on Bacillus subtilis showed that four kinds ofextracts could inhibit B. subtilis, and the bioactivities of extracts from stronger to weakerwere P. pubescens shell, P. praecox shoot, winter-bamboo shoot, P. pubescens shoot, and the effect of75mg/mL P. pubescens shell was the same as100mg/mL potassiumsorbate. The effect on Staphylococcus aureus showed that the extract of D. latiflorusshell could most effectively inhibit the growth of S. aureus, winter-bamboo shoot’sactivity was the least, but P. praecox shoot or shell had no inhibition. The bioactivities ofdifferent bamboo shoots from stronger to weaker were D. latiflorus shoot, P. pubescensshoot, winter-bamboo shoot, and the effect of200mg/mL D. latiflorus shoot was betterthan100mg/mL potassium sorbate. The bioactivities of different bamboo shells fromstronger to weaker were D. latiflorus shell, P. pubescens shell, winter-bamboo shell, andthe effect of150mg/mL D. latiflorus shell was the same as100mg/mL potassium sorbate.The bioactivities of P. pubescens shoots and shells in different seasons from stronger toweaker were P. pubescens shell, P. pubescens shoot, winter-bamboo shell,winter-bamboo shoot.