| Mainly, according to the serious situation of the occurrence of pear disease and pest in Feng county, Jiangsu province, we did a lot of investigations and studied on the control techniques of the chemical medicament, the main results as follows:1. There were68kinds of pear diseases and pests (not including storage diseases) in Feng County. There were eighty diseases, which contained11fungal disease, one bacterial disease, one virus disease, five physiological diseases, respectively. Among those diseases, five were even heavier damage to pear, including pear black spot, brown patch, ring rot, scab and anthracnose. In addition, there were50pests belonging to30families and seven orders, among which there was Homoptera8, Hemiptera5, Coleoptera11, Lepidoptera22, Diptera1, Hymenoptera1and arachnid2, respectively. At present, there were10universal serious diseases and pests, which included pear black spot, brown patch, ring rot, scab and anthracnose, phylloxera, psylla chinensis, oriental fruit moth, Janus piri and contarinia pyrivor, respectively.2. The main tend of pear disease and pest in Feng County as follows:the species of disease and pest increased during these years. The fatal disease and pest seriously affected the development of Feng County. Fungal and physiological post-harvest diseases damaged the pear fruit heavily during the transporting and marketing process.3. The main disease and pest control:to control pear scab, spraying12.5%diniconazole EC2500folds was carried out after48h pollination or70%flowers fading. To control pear anthracnose,10%difenoconazole WP2500folds,43%tebuconazole EC4000folds,25%propiconazole1500folds and1:3:240Bordeaux mixture should be adopted, because these pesticides had better efficiency to control the pear anthracnose. In addition, they might be the main pesticides for controlling the pear anthracnose. To control Janus piri, spraying90%dipterex SP800folds or2.5% deltamethrin EC2000folds was carried out. To control psylla chinensis,1.8%avermectin EC4000～5000folds were adopted. To control pear phylloxera, three essential periods should be considered. These periods as follows:first, before budding, people should kill the overwintering eggs of pear phylloxera when controlling psylla chinensis. Second, eggs fast incubated in the first and second ten days of April. Third, pear phylloxera damaged the fruits during the second ten days of August.10%imidacloprid WP2000folds or20%cypermethrin EC2000folds during the first two times,30%chlorpyrifos aqueous capsule suspension1500folds should be adopted in the third time.4. The scheme of integrated disease and pest control on’Dangshansu’pear: Firstly, people should do better investigations on the occurrence rule of main disease and pest in the local pear orchard. Based on the above occurrence rule, all kinds of control should be considered from the whole ecology system of the pear orchard. Agricultural control should be the basal measure and non-chemical pesticide control should be prior. Secondly, high-quality chemical pesticides should be properly used on the pivotal period. To reduce the times of using pesticides, all kinds of disease and pest should be considered at one control. Again, to control the group of pest on pear under the economic limen level, all kinds of control should be combined.5. During the control of the disease and pest on pear, we should do seriously carry out the principle of’guarding against firstly with the integrated control’, and construct a perfect system for forecasting harm. To persist using the low toxicity and high effective pesticides, we should know the occurrence rule of disease and pest on pear. In addition, to improve the yield and quality of pear and set a brand image of high-quality and nuisance-free fruit, the pesticides with high toxicity and residue are forbidden, and the amount of pesticide should be controlled. At the same time, this could reduce the cost of pesticide. |
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