Effect Of Choline Levels On Production Performance, Lipid Metabolism In Shao-xing Ducks

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of choline on laying performance, eggquality, ovarian morphology, oviductus morphology, cholesterol and crude fat in liver, muscleand egg; fatty acids in liver, muscle; biochemical indicators in blood of Shao-xing ducks,andto explore the optimal choline level in the diet of laying ducks,so that offer theory fordevelopment.540(during the initial egg-laying period) Shao-xing ducks were randomly assigned to5dietary trearments. Each treatment consisted of6replicates with18birds per replicate. Theperiod was divided into two phases including1weeks of pre-experiment and20weeks ofexperiment. Five groups were supplemented with0,250,500,750and1000mg/kg cholinechloride in the basal diets, respectively．At the end of the experiment laying performance,eggquality, ovarian morphology, oviductus morphology, cholesterol and crude fat in liver, muscleand egg; fatty acids in liver, muscle; biochemical parameters were measured.The results showed as follows:(1) supplemental choline significantly improved average egg weight compared to thecontrol group (P<0.05); the daily egg weight in Ⅱ (250)group and the malformed egg rate inⅤ(1000)group were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05); diet withcholine did not affect the laying rate and feed/egg ratio (P<0.05).(2) significantly decreased egg yolk color compared to the control (P<0.05); diet withcholine did not affect the egg shape index,eggshell strength, haugh unit, albumen height(P＞0.05), but the eggshell thickness in Ⅲ(500)group was higher compared with the Ⅰ (0)andⅤ(1000) group (P<0.05).(3) choline had no significant effects on ovarian follicles, oviductus growth. but theadvantage follicle weight in Ⅱ(250) group was higher Ⅰ(0),Ⅴ (1000) group(P<0.05).(4) supplemental choline significantly reduced cholesterol and crude fat in liver, muscle compared to the control group (P<0.05); diet with choline did not affect the liverweight/duck weight and muscle weight/duck weight (P>0.05).(5) significantly decreased cholesterol in egg compared to the control (P<0.05);supplemental choline significantly improved crude fat in egg(P<0.05).(6) supplemental choline significantly decreased Saturated fatty acid(SFA) in liver,muscle(P<0.01); significantly improved Monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) andPolyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in liver, muscle(P<0.01).(7) choline had no significant effects on LPS,(Ch), VLDL, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, PL,NEFA, T-CHO, AKP in blood.(8) According to Quadratic curve the choline requirements of laying performance,eggsquality were500mg/kg respectively.The results suggest that supplementing the diet with choline level reduces egg yolk color,improve average egg weight; reduces cholesterol and crude fat in liver, muscle and egg;decrease SFA in liver, muscle;improve MUFA, PUFA in liver, muscle.