| The fertilization experiment was carried out in three kinds of typical fields such as uncultivated field, rice field and dry land with maize as preceding crop located in Jianzhuxi Town of Lichuan City under the guidance of "3414" incomplete fertilizer design. Effects of different fertilizer treatments on nutrient content and quality of Coptis chinensis Franch such as biomass accumulation, distribution of soluble sugar, total nitrogen, components of main alkaloid between the different organs etc. in Coptis were studied in order to probe into the effect of fertilization on growth and quality of Coptis chinensis and provide the basic reasonable formula of fertilization for the improved cultivation of Coptis chinensis Franch. The results are as follows:1. The plant height, leaf number and total plant biomass of Coptis chinensis Franch were significantly affected by different fertilization treatments, and the higher fertility such as level2and level3in the experiments showed the significantly higher effect than that of the lower fertility of level0and level1. But the highest level of nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) had no more effect on the increase of plant height and total biomass of Coptis and the highest level of N (N3) significantly decreased the leaf number, so the appropriate ratio and amount of fertilizers was helpful for the growth and development of Coptis chinensis Franch.2. The content of soluble sugar, total N, total K, total alkaloid and berberine in Coptis chinensis Franch increased significantly with application of exogenous nitrogen in the range of0～225kg N/(hm2·a), and the maximum effect of N appeared at level2, but the highest level of exogenous nitrogen (N3) showed significantly negative effect on the above indexes except for the content of berberine. The growth cinditien-and active components of main alkaloid of Coptis under the plots with N application were significantly better than that of nitrogen deficiency area.3. The content of soluble sugar, total N, total alkaloid and berberine in Coptis chinensis Franch increased significantly with application of potassium in the range of0～180kg/(hm2·a), and reached the maximum at level2of K applied except for the soluble sugar. K application to the highest level (N3) had no positive effect on the contents of total nitrogen and berberine in Coptis except for the soluble sugar and total K in rhizoma, but caused significant decrease of total alkaloid in Coptis rhizoma. Potassium application significantly enhanced the contents of soluble sugar, total nitrogen, total K and berberine in Coptis rhizoma.4. Fertilization at different developing stage of Coptis in all three kinds of tested fields showed a consistent effect on the content of berberine in different organs of Coptis and the ranking order followed as:rhizoma> fibrous roots> leaf. The maximum and minimum of total alkaloid in leaf appeared in every July and November respectively in the experiment, berberine in Coptis rhizoma increased year by year and kept consistent during whole4th year which indicated that Coptis rhizoma might be mature enough to be harvested. For example, while Coptis grown to4th year, the contents of berberine in all of uncultivated field, rice field and dry land with maize as preceding crop under the fertilization level of N2P2K2reached64.94mg/g,57.57mg/g and60.49mg/g respectively and relatively increased by43.89%,43.03%and39.82%respectively compared with that of the control of N0P0K0. Therefore, the reasonable fertilization could significantly promote the accumulation of berberine in Coptis rhizoma.5. The proper amount and ratio of exogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could significantly improve the nutrients and alkaloids as quality index in Coptis chinensis Franch. The quality index of Coptis chinensis Franch cultivated under the condition of rich fertilizer was much better than that of the fertilizer deficiency. The optimal fertilization treatment in this study was N2P2K2based on the quality index of Coptidis rhizoma after continuous3years’ comparative trials in all of three different fields. So the fertilization formula of N150kg/(hm2·a), P2O5150kg/(hm2-a) and K2O120kg/(hm2-a) could be suggested for a good quality and high yield of Coptis chinensis Franch cultivated in Lichuan City. |
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