| Harm from Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)(BAM) had been recorded over100years history in China. It distributed mainly in the midwest provinces of Sichuan, Chongqing> Guizhou、Yunnan、Hunan、Hube、Guangxi and Shanxi. With fast propagating speed and extensive damage of fruits of the citrus species, BAM had done great harm to the citrus area. This paper took for BAM as a research object, its overwintering bionomics as a center, compared with its pupation progress and emergence progress at different temperatures in laboratory; and took for mature larvae、pupae as a starting point respectively, compared with its pupation time at different temperatures、photoperiods and different treatment days with low temperatures, and finally confirm the effects of temperatures、photoperiods and low temperatures on its adult emergence number、 emergence progress and female ratio. It was worthy of well know its overwintering bionomics、temperature to its emergence、diapause and effective control. The main results had been listed as follow:(1) Under the natural conditions, BAM pupation progress was closely related to the host varieties (species), with early-maturing Satsuma mandarin the fastest, the medium maturing variety of Satsuma mandarin the second, and Newhall orange the lowest, but the host varieties (species) had no significant effect to the pupation rate; pupation rate increased as the larval density reduced when it had Newhall orange; in the different host plants, the BAM which had Newhall orange had a high death rate of overwintering pupae and high emerging rate of adults, as it was30.20%and33.19%respectively.(2) At the constant temperature, BAM pupation progress could be accelerated with the rearing temperature decreasing, larval development and pupation progress could be promoted by the low temperature of7℃, but the pupal quality could be improved at relatively higher rearing temperature(15℃); emergence progress which the fruits collected in prophase and middle periods at7℃and11℃was later than15℃; emerging rate which the fruits collected in later periods was the biggest, as it was57.78%, and all the female ratio which the fruits collected in later periods was greater than60%at different temperatures.(3) At5different constant temperatures and5different photoperiods, mature larval pupation time had no significant difference under the5℃癈、15℃and25℃with the different photoperiods; temperature had a significant effect to the emerging number, while photoperiods had no; neither the interactive effects of2; pupation rate almost reached100%under the5℃,but no adults emerged; emergence progress delayed obviously under the10℃;emerging number was the biggest under the15℃, as it was 55.20±2.9394per replication; emergence progress advanced obviously under the20℃and25℃,but emerging number reduced obviously, one of25℃was only1.40±0.5099per replication. Emergence progress advanced obviously under the10℃with the photoperiods14:10and16:8; emergence progress which under the10℃with the photoperiods8:16advanced obviously than the other4photoperiods; between the different photoperiods under the10℃, emerging number had a significant difference between16:8and12:12.(4) At4different constant temperatures, the pupae obtained in the same day, no adults emerged under the10℃, when transfer10℃to20℃, adults could emerge from the soil. From10℃to25℃, emergence progress advanced with the temperature increased, but pupae periods shortened from295.70±0.58d to99.40±7.30d; the optimum pupal development area of temperature was from15℃to20℃.(5) At3low different temperatures and3different treatment days, in addition to the check of18℃, emergence progress almost had no significant difference between the different treatment combinations, emergence progress advanced relatively was the only result; beginning period、peaking period and descending period were almost unanimously between the check and treatments; emerging rate of the different treatment combinations was lower than the check. |
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