Process Optimization Of Cucumbers Fermented Food And Application In The Breeding Trials

With the rapid development of sea cucumber aquaculture during the pastdecade, the limited natural food can not meet the actual demande of the production.Sea cucumber is an omnivorous animal, it feeds on both animals and algae, amongthem algae are their main source of food. At the same time, sea cucumber is ascavenger animals, the various animal residues (seabed organisms) which aredeposited on the seabed can be used as its food. The various proteases, lipases,glucosidase enzyme which exist in the digestive tract ensure them a good capacityof digestion.In the experiment, we use the kelp residue, soybean powder, algae powder,shell powder as the raw material of fermentation, at the same time, we choose thelaboratory-cultured marine strains of probiotics as the fermentation bacteria. In thecondition of25℃-30℃the samples are fermented during4-5days, stired once aday. we observed and summaried the indicators like the room temperature, thematerial layer temperature, sensory evaluation during the process of fermentationevery day. With the help of orthogonal test, I have determined the most idealparameters of biological potency for microbial inoculant to improve marine kelpresidue fermented: the inoculum size-20%, the material thickness-15cm, wet anddry ratio-1:2. The high-quality bait feed contains19.43%of protein,0.10%ofamino acids, and9.41%of soluble sugar. Taking a kind of famous-brand food as thecontrol group, determined the content of the exaggeration, crude ash, crude fiber,soluble sugar, crude fat, crude protein, small peptides and free amino acids incontrol group, fermented raw materials, fermented bait feed, respectively.Compared with the fermented raw materials, it showed that in the fermented food,the content of crude ash had an increase of approximately4%, that of crude fiberdecreased by6-7%, that of soluble sugar increased by about8-9%, that of crudeprotein increased by2-3%, that of crude fat increased by0.2-0.3%, that of smallpeptides increased by0.3-0.4%, and that of free amino acids increased by0.06-0.07%. Due to the content of ingredients determined are higher than that incertain famous-brand food, it turns out that the fermented food can be replaced byartificial bait to provide nutrition to the sea cucumber.The results of culture test showed that fermented food could improve the stateof sea cucumber, improve eating rate and palatability. The bait fermented at optimaltemperature can improve better the growth rate comparing with a certain kind offamous-brand food. At the same time, the fermented food can significantly reduce the concentration of three forms of nitrogen, in which the contents of ammonia,nitrite levels were less than0.1mg/L, the content of nitrate was less than0.2mg/L.The best way to improve water quality is feeding the fermented food instead ofothers. The optimum volume ratio between mixed bait and ocean probiotics is1:2,the best mixed adsorption time is from8to10h.The results of this research show that we can produce the bait with high qualityfor sea cucumber with the aid of microorganisms to ferment low-cost organicmaterials. Analyzed from food costs, component analysis, feeding effects andimprovement of water quality, the fermented food is a high qualited bait which canreplace artificial bait, with these results we can contribute significantly to thesustainable development of sea cucumber aquaculture.