| Increase fertilizer use efficiency is a long-standing global issues of common concern, not only help to save production costs, but also has great significance for the mitigation of the environmental problems of agricultural non-point source pollution. Since the1980s, in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, China carried out a large number of technical studies. Domestic and foreign common the recommended fertilization method is the use of soil fertility indicators for soil testing and fertilizer. The large number of studies found that the application of the "3414" experimental establishment of field crops, soil testing and fertilizer index system is feasible.Analysis of current production conditions in a hilly area (15urban) rice fertilization yield effect and fertilizers utilization, and provide the basis for further increase production and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer for the rice. Summary of2005-2009in a hilly area118of259varieties of rice "3414" test and501demonstration area of experimental data, by increasing production, nutrient uptake, apparent utilization, partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency the increasing effect of the fertilizer utilization indicators rice fertilization in a hilly area, to find out the soil testing and fertilizer to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer effect. In this study, the following results:(1) Production,"3414" to test full-fat area (treatment N2P2K2) relative shortage of prime area increase significantly, which the grain yield per hectare relative nitrogen deficiency area (N0P2K2) of the a phosphorus deficiency District (N2P0K2), a potassium deficiency District (N2P2K0), respectively, to yield1.86t,0.94t,0.67t, and the yield rate were30.2%,13.28%,9.1%, increase yield of nitrogen> P> potash.2average level of nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) and potash dosage (K2O)143.5kg/hm271.9kg/hm267.8kg/hm2nutrient input ratio of N:P2O5:K2O1:0.50:0.47, which low proportion of potash fertilizer inputs, and thus increase yield is relatively low. (2) Uptake,"3414" test in the full-fat District straw nutrient content than nitrogen deficiency area, the phosphorus deficiency District, potassium deficiency District N, P, K content of1.29mg/kg,0.01mg/kg,0.05mg/kg,Grains were higher by0.77mg/kg,0.03mg/kg,0.01mg/kg. Area of the full fertilizer aboveground nutrient uptake than nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus deficiency District, the potassium deficiency District N, P2O5, K2O uptake respectively47.0%,25.0%and11.6%, respectively. The formula fertilization area per ha N, P2O5and K2O uptake compared with conventional fertilization district respectively high14.36kg6.52kg,20.84kg. Relatively nutrient deficiency of the nutrient content of the full-fat District area increased significantly, straw and grain N content biggest increase, which is compared to phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen yield the best one of the reasons..(3) Utilization,"3414" Test2levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash apparent utilization of38.13%,24.72%,54.79%, partial productivity were58.50kg/kg and85.93kg/kg,82.45kg/kg agronomy efficiency were13.27kg/kg, and14.45kg/kg and11.22kg/kg physiological efficiency were37.14kg/kg and52.06kg/kg and25.00kg/kg. Recipe the fertilization District nitrogen, phosphorus, potash apparent utilization were38.22%,25.28%,51.53%, partial productivity were60.88kg/kg and120.56kg/kg and129.87kg/kg physiological utilization were33.60kg/kg,61.72kg/kg,25.43kg/kg. Formula fertilization area with conventional fertilization area and "3414" experiment with two levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash utilization compared to significantly improve nitrogen fertilizer highest yield is the most obvious. Thus, the promotion of formula fertilization not only conducive to guarantee grain yield, but also conducive to the realization of efficient nutrient. |
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