Influencing Factors Of Rice N And P Fertilizer Yield

The use of fertilizer utilization rate has been questioned for a long time.Therefore,Hou Yanlin et al.proposed to use fertilizer yield to evaluate fertilizer efficiency,guide fertilization.To understand the influence factors of fertilizer yield more clearly,use the "3414" test andtrace test and long-term fertilizer experiment and common fertilizer experiment of 19 provinces(urban areas)nationwide as analysis object,,and the climatic factors(including current season precipitation,average precipitation of the year,average precipitation of the year,average precipitation of the year,average temperature of the season,average temperature of the year,average temperature of the year),soil properties(pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,etc.)are analyzed.The effects of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium),nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertilizer application amount and rice yield on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient conversion rate and utilization rate of rice were studied,and the influencing factors of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rice in China were determined.The results and conclusions of the study on fertilizer yield are as follows:(1)The fertilizer yield of rice gradually decreases with the increase of current season precipitation,the reason may be that the current season precipitation affects the nitrogen fertilizer yield by affecting the growth and development of rice and soil nitrogen loss,and then gradually decreases with the increase of current year precipitation and years precipitation.In practice,the current season precipitation,the current year precipitation and the year's precipitation can be used as the auxiliary index of nitrogen application.(2)With the increase of the current season precipitation,the current year precipitation and the year average precipitation,the phosphorus fertilizer yield of rice also decreased first and then increased gradually.The main reasons are that the active phosphorus content is low and the conversion rate is low,while the pH value is close to neutral when the precipitation is high.The activity of phosphorus is large,the conversion rate is high,the current season precipitation,the current year precipitation and the area with high annual average precipitation can appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus application.(3)The fertilizer yield of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice increased with the increase of the average temperature of the year and the average temperature of many years,and then decreased with the increase of the temperature,the biomass of rice increased and the conversion rate of nitrogen was higher,while the activity of phosphorus of soil increased and the conversion rate of phosphorus increased.The higher the temperature,the higher the nitrogen loss,the lower the nitrogen conversion rate,and the lower the yield in the high temperature region,will reduce the phosphorus conversion rate.(4)The fertilizer yield of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice increased and then decreased with the increase of pH value,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium,but decreased and then increased with the increase of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content,mainly by influencing the volatilization of nitrogen,nitrogen and phosphorus,the interaction between potassium and phosphorus can influence the conversion rate of nitrogen and phosphorus,therefore,the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can be increased or decreased in practice.(5)The fertilizer yield of rice and nitrogen is gradually reduced with the increase in nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium levels,while the conversion rate of phosphorus is gradually increasing with the increase of nitrogen and potassium,mainly due to nitrogen uptake of phosphorus,potassium absorption,and phosphorus and nitrogen,the absorption inhibition of potassium.The increase in production resulted in increased nitrogen and phosphorus,resulting in increased nitrogen and the conversion of phosphorus.The results and conclusions of the study on fertilizer use efficiency are as follows:(6)The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rice increased with the increase of precipitation,and then decreased with the increase of precipitation,which might be caused by the interaction between water and fertilizer at the beginning of precipitation,followed by the increase of precipitation,the leaching effect of water and the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer yield.With the increase of precipitation in the current year,the fertilizer use efficiency of phosphorus in rice increased first and then decreased,which might be due to the decrease of precipitation,which decreased the fixing effect of phosphorus fertilizer,promoted the transport of phosphorus,increased the precipitation,increased the loss of phosphorus,and decreased the phosphorus conversion rate.(7)The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rice increased with the increase of the average temperature and then decreased with the increase of the temperature,which might be caused by the temperature affecting the decomposition of organic matter in soil,and the absorption of water and fertilizer by root system,and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with the increase of the temperature.The effect of water evaporation is enhanced,the interaction between water and fertilizer is destroyed,and the utilization ratio of nitrogen is reduced.The phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the increase of the average temperature for many years and then increased.The results showed that the organic matter conversion effect was obvious.At the beginning,the organic matter decomposition was slow,the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency was low,with the increase of the temperature,the organic matter decomposition increased,and the phosphorus utilization rate increased.Therefore,in high temperature areas,it is appropriate to apply less phosphorus fertilizer.(8)The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rice decreases with the increase of pH value;The phosphorus utilization ratio of rice increased with the increase of pH,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium,then decreased with the increase of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus,then increased.(9)The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rice decreased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus,and increased with the increase of yield.The fertilizer use efficiency of phosphorus in rice decreased with the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and then increased with the increase of yield.The main reason for the above phenomenon is the interaction between nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Therefore,when fertilizer is applied,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer will have better effect.(10)The results showed that the water-to-heat ratio(R/ T)could reflect the nitrogen-to-phosphorus fertilizer yield and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency of rice,sometimes positive and negative.In this paper,the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer yield and fertilizer use efficiency,climate,soil property,fertilizer application amount,yield and latitude were studied.In general,the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer yield and each influencing factor was greater than that between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate and each influencing factor.