Correlation Between Agronomic Characters And Yield In Strip-Relay-intercropping Wheats

Using ten varieties of wheat with high yield potential which passed and for national or provincial examination, a two-year field experiment was carried out in Sichuan Province from November2010to May2012under single-factor random block experiment design. The main relationship between agronomic trait and yield of different wheat varieties under intercropping pattern in hilly areas in Sichuan were studied, to screen the wheat which can be fit for intercropping in Sichuan hilly areas, provide theory and technical bases for cultivating and breeding high yield wheat with intercropping pattern in Sichuan.1. Chuanmai42,06-367, R-104, Chuanmai55and Neimai835are high yield wheat varieties which fit for intercropping in Sichuan hilly areas. The basic construction of high yield factors are1.9×106～2.3×106ears/ha, the number of kernels per spike is45～55, thousand seed weight is about46g, single spikelete is around2.6g, capacity of seed is0.97×107～1.11×107grains/ha.2. During the growth stage of wheat with intercropping pattern in dry land of Sichuan hilly areas, the date of anthesis and yield had highly correlation, the days of sowing-blooming had positive correlation with spikelets, kernels per spike, single panicle weight and yield, and negative correlation with thousand seed weight, while the correlativity between the days of blooming-mature and yield and its components was opposite to the above-metioned. Grey relationship analysis showed that, the degree of association of days of sowing-blooming on yield was greater than that of blooming-mature which means the effects of the days of sowing-blooming on yield was greater.3. The correlation analysis between main agronomic character and yield showed that, the weight of single stem, ear length in anthesis and mature period were significantly positive related with small spike number, kernels per spike, weight of single spike and economic yield, while the single stem weight after anthesis was significantly negative related with thousand seed weight. Grey relationship analysis showed that, the degree of association of main agronomy characters on yield were as following:single steem weight in mature stage> ear length> single stem weight after anthesis> single stem weight in anthesis> leafmass per unit area in anthesis> leaf area index> plant height> ear height.4. The index of yield components showed that, number of productive ear, percentage of earbearing tiller and panicle number per plant were significantly negative related with yield, small spike number, kernels per spike and single spike weight had singnificant positive correlation with yield, thousand seed weight had non-significant negative correlation with yield. In addition, number of productive ear, percentage of earbearing tillers, percentage of earbearing tillers of single plant had significant negative correlation with small spike number, kernels per spike, and single ear weight. Grey relationship analysis showed that, the degree of association of spike characters on yield were as following:kernels per spike> small spike number> single ear weight> thousand seed weight; the degree of association of tiller productive characteristics on yield showed as following:ability of tillering of single plant> highest seedling> kernels per spike per plant> percentage of earbearing tiller> number of productive ear.5. Path analysis showed that, small spike number, single stem weight, single ear weight, index of leaf area, leafmass per unite area had direct or indirect effects on yield, but plant height and ear height had smaller effects on yield. Number of productive ear had smaller effects on yield than that of kernels per spike and thousand seed weight, kernels per spike was the main factor to affect yield under then same condition.In conclusion, Chuanmai42,06-367, R-104, Chuanmai55which have moderate height, late anthesis, kernels per plant, small ear number were fit for intercropping pattern in dryland of Sichuan hilly area. The basic components of high yield wheat varieties are as follows:1.9×106～2.3×106ears/ha, the number of kernels per spike is45～55, thousand seed weight is about46g, single spikelete is around2.6g, capacity of seed is0.97×107～1.11×107grains/ha. With the condition of intercropping in Sichuan hilly area, kernels per spike had greatest effects on yield, the kernels per spike might be the main limiting factor of improving the potential of Sichuan wheat yield. It is recommended that how to improve small ear number so that increase kernels per spike, improve kernel weight per ear should be main direction of breeding for super high yield in Sichuan.