| The field experiments were conducted in the outside experimental base of agriculture college of Yangzhou university during2011to2012, taking Wuyunjing24and Nanjing44as materials which use the new type of3-bowl togethered and2-bowl togethered plastic plate, using conventional single bowl as CK, and setting five different transplanting densities to find a nutrition bowl transplanting standard and reasonable density which can make rice perform its greatest potential, and to explore new ways of labor saving and accomplish super high yielding cultivation of rice. The main results are as follows.1. The treatments of3-bowl togethered with15×104ha-1holes,2-bowl togethered with18×104ha-1holes and single bowl with24×104ha-1holes accomplished the highest yield level, while the2-bowl togethered with18×104ha-1holes yielded most among the three.(1) For the same type of bowl seedlings, dry matter accumulation, its ratio of the total, crop growth rate of heading to maturity stage and grain, a pattern of an initial increase and a substantial decrease emerged with the increase of the basic seedlings. In contrast, the pattern of bowl seedling with different types is more diverse. The lower basic seedling condition of36×104ha-1showed a trend of single bowl>2-bowl>3-bowl, the medium basic seedling condition of72×104ha-1showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl and single bowl, while the larger basic seedling condition of90×104ha-1to108×104ha-1showed a trend of2-bowl and3-bowl>single bowl. The three maximum yield conditions, dry matter accumulation, its ratio to the total and crop growth rate of heading to maturity stage showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl> single bowl.(2) For the same type bowl seedlings, with the increase of the basic seedlings, the dynamics of stem and tiller number at different growth stage, increased while the effective tiller percentage decreased. In the same basic seedling conditions, the dynamics of stem and tiller number showed a trend of single bowl >2-bowl>3-bowl, the effective tiller percentage showed a trend of3-bowl>2-bowl> single. The three maximum yield conditions and effective tiller percentage showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl> single bowl.(3) For the same type of bowl seedlings, with the increase of the basic seedlings, dry matter per steam and sheath of heading, waxy and maturing stage, its maximum export and transformation decreased while apparent export and transformation increased. For the same basic seedling conditions, with the exception of the basic seedling in a minimum of36×104ha-1, dry matter per steam and sheath of heading, waxy and maturing stage showed a trend of3-bowl>2-bowl> single, while its maximum export and transformation showed a trend of single bowl>2-bowl and3-bowl, with apparent export and transformation showing a trend of2-bowl and3-bowl>single bowl.2. For the same type of bowl seedlings, with the increase of the basic seedlings, the leaf area index increased before elongation stage, but increased first and then decreased in waxy and maturing stage, the decreasing rate of leaf area after increased and the population light transmittance decreased.In the same basic seedling conditions, the decreasing rate of leaf area showed a trend of single bowl>2-bowl>3-bowl, the population light transmittance showed a trend of3-bowl>2-bowl> single bowl.In the three maximum yield conditions, the decreasing rate of leaf area showed a trend of single bowl>3-bowl>2-bowl, the population light transmittance showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl> single bowl, the SPAD value of top three leaves showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl> single bowl.3. For the same type of bowl seedlings, N uptake at heading and maturity stage, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity increased first and then decreased with the increase of the basic seedlings. In the same basic seedling conditions, the N uptake at heading and maturity stage, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity showed the following rules:the lower basic seedling condition of36×104ha-1to54×104ha-1showed a trend of single bowl>2-bowl>3-bowl, the medium basic seedling condition of72×104ha-1showed a trend of2-bowl> single bowl>3-bowl, while the larger basic seedling condition of90×104ha-1to108×104ha-1showed a trend of2-bowl and3-bowl>single bowl. The three maximum yield conditions, the N uptake at heading and maturity stage, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl> single bowl. 4. Among the different basic seedlings of the same type bowl, the breaking resistance and bending moment of basal four internodes decrease with the increase of basic seedlings, while the lodging index showed the opposite trend. Among the different types of bowl seedlings, except for the3-bowl of36×104ha-1treatment, the breaking resistance and bending moment showed a trend of3-bowl>2-bowl> single bowl, while the lodging index shows the opposite trend. The three maximum yield conditions, the breaking resistance and bending moment showed a trend of2-bowl>3-bowl and single bowl, the lodging index showed a opposite trend. Under the same basic seedling, the2-bowl and3-bowl plant with big bunch have strong basal internodes, their thickness of culm wall is higher and the stem plumpness is better, so their lodging tolerance is greater. Considering the yield factors, under the appropriate basic seedling amounts or more,2-bowl transplanting has an obvious advantage, it has a high potential of high yield and stable yield. |
PDF Full Text Request