| Helianthus tuberosus L., commonly kown as Jerusalem artichoke, an perennial plant, is an Angiosperm of the Compositae family. It is originated from North America, introduced to Europe in the17th century and then to China.The main component of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers is inulin (polyfructose), accounting for about50%of the dry matter. Jerusalem artichoke can be used to produce inulin. At the same time, it can be used to produce the oligofructose and ultra-high-fructose corn syrup and other products by the inulinase, it also is used to produce fuel ethanol.In recent years, the Jerusalem artichoke research has focused on the role of nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of Plant Physiology and Ecology. But the research which is about the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on the the growth, accumulation and allocation of nitrogen and phosphorus, the dynamic change of the carbohydrates, tuber yield and quality in Jerusalem artichoke entire physiological period has not been reported. A field orthogonal experiment of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for single factor and interaction effects on on the accumulation and distribution of carbon assimilates, dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus, the dynamic changes in the sugar, production and quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is studied."Nanyu No.l" is as test material. The experiment arrives at the optimum amount of nitrogen and phosphorus application to provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and quality cultivation of the Jerusalem artichoke.1、Effects of nitrogen fertilizerNitrogen fertilizer (urea-containing N:46%) which is respectively setted three pure N levels to120,180,240kg-hm-2was applied in the experiment. The levels are signed into N1, N2, N3, respectively. It determines plant heights, stem diameters, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke in various organs. The entire physiological period is from July to December. The result is that nitrogen fertilizer does not change the dynamic variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer that is N2fertilization level (180kg-hm-2) can promote the growth and dry matters of stems and leaves of accumulation. And it also can promote the transportion of dry matters from stems and leaves to tubers. In while, it will improve contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates in various organs. When nitrogen fertilizer excesses, however, it will not continue to promote to increase plant height and stem diameter. It will not be conducive to the transportion and accumulation of dry matters of stems and leaves. It will reduce contents of nitrogen and phosphoru in various organs and inhibit the synthesis of carbohydrates to reduce its contents.2、Effects of phosphate fertilizerPhosphate fertilizer (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, N-containing:18%, P:46%) is applied in the experiment. The fertilizer is setted three pure N levels that were90,135,180kg-hm"2. The levels are signed intoPl, P2, P3, respectively. It determines plant heights, stem diameters, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke in various organs. The entire physiological period is from July to December. The result is that phosphate fertilizer does not change the dynamic variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke. Appropriate phosphate fertilizer that is P2fertilization level (135kg-hm-2) can promote the growth and dry matters of stems and leaves of accumulation. And it also can promote the transportion of dry matters from stems and leaves to tubers. In while, it will improve contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates in various organs. When nitrogen fertilizer excessed, however, it will not continue to promote to increase plant height and stem diameter. It wil inhabit the transportion and accumulation of dry matters of stems and leaves. It will reduce contents of nitrogen and phosphoru in various organs and inhibit the synthesis of carbohydrates to reduce its contents.3-. Nitrogen and phosphorus interaction Nitrogen fertilizer (urea-containing N:46%) which is respectively setted three pure N levels to120,180,240kg-hm"2is applied in the experiment. The levels are signed into Nl, N2, N3, respectively. Phosphate fertilizer (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, N-containing:18%, P:46%) is applied in the experiment. The fertilizer is setted three pure N levels that were90,135,180kg-hm"2. The levels are signed intoPl, P2, P3, respectively. The results show that:(1) N, P-independent effects on the Jerusalem artichoke tuber yield, dry matter content, total sugar, reducing sugar and inulin content are significant (P<0.01).(2) The N and P interaction have significant effects on Jerusalem artichoke tuber yield, dry matter and reducing sugar content (P<0.05), and has extremely significant effects on total tuber sugar and inulin (PO.01).(3) Interaction between N and P is significant under P135kg-hm-2. When nitrogen is less than180kg-hm"2, there is a positive interaction effect, showing the synergistic effects. When nitrogen fertilizer is above180kg-hm-2, there is a negative interaction effect, showing antagonistic effects. The tuber yield and content of dry matter, total sugar, reducing sugar and inulin are highest under the application of fertilizer N180kg·hm-2, P2O5135kg-hm-2.4、Concomitant probabilities of tuber dry matter, total sugar, reducing sugar, inulin content and tuber yield of2011and2012are greater than0.1. The difference is not significant, and so, there is a good reproducibility of field trials of two years. |
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