The Applications Of Mushroom Residue As A Seedling Substrate In Rice

In order to meet the requirements of the development of modern agricultural production, reduce the labor intensity of rice production and liberate the broad masses of peasants completely from the traditional labor model of the "facing loess back into the air," across the country in recent years, vigorously promote the development of Transplanting Technology. The development of transplanting technology, the most critical aspect is to solve the problem of the quality of transplanting seedlings. It has a very close relationship in seedlings matrix and seedling quality. In this experiment, after fermenting the mushroom residue, it greatly improved their physical and chemical properties and nutritional conditions. The author used the mushroom residue after fermentation to study its feasibility as Transplanting seedlings matrix and the impact on seedling quality and nitrogen effects. The main results were as follows:1. Comparison of the edible fungus mushroom residue before and after fermentAfter fermenting the edible fungus mushroom residue, its physical and chemical properties and mineral nutrition showed significant improvement. After fermentation, the pH increased slightly up to about7.0, bulk density had a smaller increase, the porosity and water holding absorbent increased significantly. The water holding porosity of pleurotus eryngii, flammulina velutipes increased by20%and30%, but the total porosity and aeration porosity decreased; In addition, a significant increase in nutritional conditions, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus increased by30%, and total potassium increased14%-51%, avail N, P and K increased by more than20%.2. Comparison between the seedling soil and the edible fungus mushroom residueThe physical and chemical properties in mushroom residue and conventional seedling soil were significantly different. In physical traits, the bulk density of seedling soil was as high as1.11g/cm3, of4.6times and4.0times to the flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii respectively; the aeration porosity is20.5%, only82.3%and51.5%of the flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii, stating that its permeability was lower than the mushroom residue; the water holding porosity was34.8%, the absorbent was31.5g/100g, significantly lower than the flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii (56.8%and47.9%,236.6g/100g and171.4g/100g), stating that in water and water retention it was better than soil. In nutrients, the nitrogen contents of flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii were2.00%and2.02%, of11.8times and11.9times to soil (0.17%) respectively; the total phosphorus contents were0.41%and0.47%, of2.6times and2.9times to soil (0.16%) respectively; the total potassium contents were1.12%and0.95%, of1.9times and1.6times to soil (0.59%) respectively; avail N, P and K contents were increased to soil.3. Effects of mushroom substrates on the seedling quality of riceOn the seedling quality, different substrates first reflected the root areas:the root activity of flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii is higher than46.7%and38.8%to soil in the ninth day after sowing, but lower than the substrate of River about10%. With the growth of seedlings, root activity showed a downward trend overall,24days after sowing, higher than38.2%and30.2%to soil, but the decline is lower than the river substrate, so the root activity is slightly higher than the river substrate about7%at this time. In the longest root length, the mushroom residue was also significantly greater than the soil, more than30%; In the seedling shoots:the stem base width, leaf and plant height of mushroom residue slightly higher than the soil, but little difference with the substrate of river; because the root system of mushroom residue and substrate of river was higher than the soil, so the above-ground role in promoting more obvious, and get the seedling quality improved.4. Effects of nitrogen on the mushroom substrates seedlingIn the seedling morphological indicators, nitrogen fertilizer for the seedlings before three leaves was not obvious, the difference was not significant; nitrogen fertilizer had a greater impact on the seedling stem base width and the dry weight, compared with the CK, the stem base width increased by8%-20%, but did not increase with the amount of nitrogen, the seedling dry weight increased by9.5%-28.6%, stating that nitrogen was conducive to the accumulation in seedling dry weight; in the seedling root/shoot ratio, with the increase of nitrogen, root/shoot ratio showed an overall downward trend, this was not conducive to the early vegetative growth of seedlings.