Studies On Growth-regulator-free Cultivation Technique Of Table Grape In Chongqing

The studies in this paper were based on big size and seedless table grape of local cutivars-cultivated in Chongqing, particularly focused on the effects of GA3,6-BA,CPPU and other plant growth regulators, streptomycin and pyrimethanil on seedless rate,quality and yield of ’Kyoho’grape compared to control without above substances, in order to provide some theoretical and practical foundation for the safe production of grapes without plant growth regulators.The main results were presented as follows:1. In terms of fruit sensory quality, CK and GA3+CPPU+6-B A+SM(AS)+CPPU﹢pyrimethanil treatment were relatively worst in fruit sensory quality score.6-BA, SM and GA3treatment were relatively highest. Especially, Fruit sensory quality score(7.99) was the highest in the6-BA treatment,6-BA-treated grape was not only better in the color, tightness and shape of cluster, but also better in uniformity, delicious expression and shape of berry. The color and shape of cluster were better in the GA3+CPPPU+6-BA+SM+Pyrimethanil treatment, however shape and color of cluster were better in the GA3+CPPU+6-BA+AS+Pyrimethanil treatment. The cluster of tightness among berries was worse in the GA3﹢CPPU﹢6-BA﹢SM(AS)+Pyrimethanil and GA3treatment. CPPU-treated grape only had a better color and shape in cluster, however, the delicious expression was the worst. Pyrimethanil-treated grape was better in tightness of cluster and shape of berry.2. In terms of fruit quality, berry weight of CK was8.59g, in medium size, and similar to berries from CPPU and pyrimethanil treatment; cluster mass and yield were significantly lower than plant growth regulators treatments, but cluster mass was486.67g, and yield reached866.86kg; Berries with1seed were more, berries with2and3seeds were less in all treatments.The edible percent of fruit were more than92%in the GA3+CPPU+6-BA ﹢SM(AS)+pyrimethanil and GA3treatments; the fruit edible rate of CK was up to90.73%, soluble solids content of CK was15.13%, had no significant difference compared to GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM (AS)+pyrimethanil, GA3and CPPU treatment, and relatively higher than other treatments, but lower than GA3.soluble sugar content of CK was14.67%, GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)+Pyrimethanil and CPPU treatments were1.55%,1.04%and1.04%lower than CK, respectively. Titratable acid content of CK and CPPU treatment were0.52%and the highest of all treatments, sugar/acid ratio of CK and CPPU treatment were28.43and26.52respectively, and relatively lowest, but both reached a good level (26to40). Vitamin C content of CK treatment was18.55mg/100g, significantly lower than the6-BA, GA3and SM treatment, but there were no significant differences compared to GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)﹢pyrimethanil treatment. Anthocyanin content of berry of CK, GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)+pyrimethanil and CPPU treatment were relatively minimum. Protopectin content of CK (0.57%) was relatively high and higher than GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)+pyrimethanil and6-BA, but no significant difference compared to GA3and CPPU treatment.The treatments with GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)+Pyrimethanil could significantly increase cluster mass, berry weight, enhance yield/tree, the sugar/acid ratio, anthocyanin content, the edible percent and seedlessness of berry, but lower titratable acid and anthocyanin content.the edible rate of berry and yield/tree were97.78%,93.33%and11.43kg respectively after it was treated with GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM+pyrimethanil. AS and SM could significantly reduce berry weight cluster weight, yield/tree, andprotopectin content, but they could significantly enhance the soluble sugar, soluble solids content and sugar/acid ratio.Berry weight, yield/tree, soluble solid content and sugar/acid ratio were6.09g,3.47kg,18.33%and40.78in the AS treatment, respectively. Berry weight, yield/tree, soluble solid content and sugar/acid ratio were respectively6.26g,2.67kg,19.83%and40.01in the SM treatment.6-BA and GA3could better improve berry weight, cluster mass, yield/tree; increase soluble sugar content, soluble solids content, sugar content and peel anthocyanin content,but reduce titratable acidity content.6-BA-treated berry was the highest of all treatments for0.394mg/g. In addition to sugar/acid ratio (26.52) of CPPU-treated berry is lower than the control, other treatments improved the sugar/acid ratio.6-BA, pyrimethanil and medical streptomycin (SM) could significantly enhance vitamin C content; agricultural streptomycin (AS) reduce vitamin C content, other treatments had no significant difference compared with control.3. In terms of economic benefits, at the average lowest price of30yuan RMB/kg in table grape market of Chongqing in2013, the economic benefits of grapes with treatments of GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM(AS)+pyrimethanil were relatively highest, could reach to60968yuan RMB/667m2and58297yuan RMB/667m2, respectively. The water control without any agents basically reached A-level criteria of green fruit, if at the price of70yuan RMB/kg, the economic benefit of CK. was able to reach60680yuan RMB/667m2, was just288yuan RMB/667m2lower than the treatment with GA3+CPPU+6-BA+SM+pyrimethanil, however, which increased2382yuan RMB/667m2compared with GA3+CPPU+6-BA+AS+pyrimethanil treatment and could obtain desired economic benefit in safety production.