Research On Comprehensive Risk Classified Management Patterns Of Occupational Hazards In Employing Units

Since the reform and opening up, with China’s rapid industrial development, occupational hazards have become increasingly prominent. Contrary to serious occupational hazards, occupational health special funding is short, occupational health regulation team is weak, and supervision of occupational hazards is difficult to carry out; coupled with the abiding sense of many employers, prominent problems of occupational hazards, which are seriously resulting into the accident of occupational hazards, instead of getting effective control, but showing out of an increasing trend year by year, which is a severe threat to the health and safety of workers. To this phenomenon, the49th World Health Assembly held in Beijing in1996adopted a resolution---"The global strategy of everyone will have access to occupational health ", the purpose is to protect the employees and enable them to access a better health service.Based on the numerous contradictions and difficulties on the supervision of occupational hazards, the pace of exploring occupational hazards in classification and grading management has never been stopped.Nowadays, domestic experts pay more attention to the occupational hazard classification category management, and launched a series of practice, considering the potential risks of the employer occupational disease or occupational hazards from several points, such as the organization and management, protective measures (including contingency plans), forecast of occupational hazards, supervision and monitoring, health care, occupational health training and so on. According to the size of various factors which affect the occupational disease or occupational incident, given different weights or scores to make a comprehensive assessment, to determine the level of the employer occupational hazard risk, and then evaluating the different supervision and management strength or regulatory frequency, finally to meet the purpose of classification and grading management. At present, parts of our countryside have developed appropriate management practices to promote occupational health classification supervision. In order to explore the construction mode of basic occupational health supervision and service system, Ministry of Health has promulgated "the People’s Republic of China on Occupational Disease Prevention Law","Occupational hazard category management approach in construction projects", which has raised the ideas of classification on occupational hazards of the construction projects management. Moreover, basic occupational health services pilot project was carried out in the whole country from the year of2006. It should be pointed out that the Ministry of Health’s classification of the occupational hazards was just from the inherent properties of occupational hazards, the concentration or intensity, the contact time of operation staff, never taking the number of contacts, occupational health management conditions, the level of protection and health care and some other contents into account. At the same time, the existing classification of the occupational hazards evaluation methods in domestic has different emphases, and also the focus of the weight coefficients are not the same, the controversy between scientificalness and operability of the practice standards has existed for a long time, which affected the popularization of the occupational hazards evaluation methods.The red-yellow-green grading management patterns on risk of occupational hazards in employing unit is based on previous practice and methods, which is a combination of a new occupational health regulatory approach based on risk and quality management. It takes a full account of production process characteristics, worker exposure time, possible occupational diseases and severity of occupational hazards inherent risks, as well as factors of the pros and cons of the internal quality in occupational health management; which with the characteristics of simple and clear, feasible, easy to evaluate. This pattern displays advantage in dynamic and static operation in the actual work, qualitative and quantitative, monitoring and feedback, supervision and early warning, which is a regulation method in the practice of occupational health, as well as a useful attempt to protect the majority of occupational groups.