| Ligusticum chuanxiong has been well-known as the geo-authentic crude medicinal material. According to the record from the Song Dynasty, the producing area is Guan Xian county in Sichuan, namely. Dujiangyan, Sichuan. Until1970s, Peng Zhou, Pi Xian, Chong Zhou, Xin Du etc. have been regarded as the origins as well. However, the area of ligusticum chuanxiong decreases year by year because of the increasing value of traditional producing places. And the demand for medicinal material has never been down. Non-traditional origins, such as Peng Shan, Qiong Lai, appear and it is likely to replace the original ones. As a consequence, it is required that the evaluation of the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong produced in non-traditional regions.This article aims to evaluate the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong produced in non-traditional places to insure the safety and efficiency, as well as studying how the environmental elements affect medicinal materials, and analyzing the relativity of the environment and medicine. The results of studying would provide the instruction for the plant and growth of ligusticum chuanxiong with grounds of experience.This thesis bases on the25batches of ligusticum chuanxiong produced from traditional origins-Du Jiangyan, Peng Zhou, Xin Du, and non-traditional origins-Peng Shan, Shi Fang as the research object, meanwhile, collecting origins’climatological data and soil samples to compare the quality of different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiongs. And to establish a synchronous measurement way of the three lactone content (the rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong lactone conifers, ferulic acid esters, chaff benzene lactone),and fluorescent material for the first time. Simultaneously, in order to study the ecological environment factors influence of rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong medicinal materials quality, this paper makes a correlation analysis of ligusticum chuanxiong medicinal materials’ quality.the climate and soil indicators, and also determining the values of soil nutrients and rhizoma ligustici wallichii medicinal materials quality correlation and rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong herbs enrichment of inorganic elements in soil. The specific research contents and results are as follows:1. The Quality Research of Ligusticum Chuanxiong from Different OriginsThere are numerous assessment criteria of traditional Chinese medicinal materials’ quality. This thesis mainly focuses on the appearance character, effective component content, HPLC fingerprint and heavy metal content of ligusticum chuanxiong. and also makes a comparison of the size of different producing areas’ ligusticum chuanxiong, ferulic acid content, polysaccharose and total phenolic acid content, three main lactone compositions content and flourescent material content with conjugated system. Simultaneously, this paper evaluates the similarity of different producing areas’ ligusticum chuanxiong ethanol extract and HPLC fingerprint. And to non-traditional producing areas’ligusticum chuanxiong with this support. The results are as follows:1.1The Comparison of Ligusticum Chuanxiong’Characters from Different OriginsThe grading of ligusticum chuanxiong commercial medicinal materials mainly according to the standard on weight and size that is currently in effect on76Species of Medicinal Products Specifications (1984). The standard clearly states the commercial grade of ligusticum chuanxiong. In oreder to compare the Characters of different origins’ commercial ligusticum chuanxiong, this thesis records head and cross-sectional images of25batches of ligusticum chuanxiong that are from disparate producing areas, and found no significant difference between the traditional and non-traditional origins. In oreder to compare the grade of different origins’ commercial ligusticum chuanxiong, this thesis records the raw weight of25batches of ligusticum chuanxiong that are from disparate producing areas, and also imitates the way of origin (baked and sidetipped) to process medicinal materials, determine the dry weight. Comparing the weight between traditional ligusticum chuanxiong and non-traditional ligusticum chuanxiong, and calculating the deviation within the standard. The result shows that the weight of25batches of ligusticum chuanxiong is discrepant (raw weight RSD%=27.75%, dry weight RSD%=22.77%), the raw weight disperses throughout0.0632-0.1400kg for each, and dry weight disperses throughout0.0183-0.05kg for each.1.2The Comparison of Ferulic Acid Content, Polysaccharose and Total Phenolic Acid Content of Ligusticum Chuanxiong from Different OriginsIn the Chinese Pharmacopoeia2010of ligusticum chuanxiong sections and chapters, with the content of ferulic acid as the index, it states that the content of ferulic acid is the important qualitative characterization of ligusticum chuanxiong. And the polysaccharose and total phenolic acid content are with function of antioxidant, anti-free radical, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory,etc., and they are also the effective components of ligusticum chuanxiong on clinical effect. Therefrom, this thesis discusses the ferulic acid content, polysaccharose and total phenolic acid content of different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiong to improve the reference of medicinal materials quality standard.This paper adopts HPLC method to determine the ferulic acid content of different orgins’ ligusticum chuanxiong, and the result shows that the ferulic acid content of ligusticum chuanxiongs from traditional and non-traditional origins accord with the demand of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (>0.1%), and the difference of different orgins’ ligusticum chuanxiongs is very small (RSD%=13.77%), that is, between0.1734%and0.3129%. This paper also adopts UV method to determine the polysaccharose and total phenolic acid content.The result shows that the difference of the polysaccharose of different orgins’ ligusticum chuanxiongs is very small (RSD%=10.58%), that is, between0.9786%and1.4723%. While, the total phenolic acid content has a a large gap (RSD%=32.05%), that is, between3.3835%and15.5495%.1.3The Comparison of Ligusticum Chuanxiongs’Lactone Content from Different OriginsLactone composition belongs to benzene peptide derivatives and is one of the important active ingredients. Thereinto, the ligustilide holds more than a third part of the total volatile oil, and it has the function of analgesic anti-inflammatory, spasmolysis, calm, and asthma, etc.; Coniferyl ferulate has the function of antibacterial, antioxidant diastolic blood vessels, ect. This thesis adopts the HPLC method to a synchronous measurement way of the three lactone content:the rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong lactone conifers, ferulic acid esters, chaff benzene lactone,for the first time. This method compares with the traditional measuring method of the single component has advantages of simple operation, quick, less solvent consumption, etc. Meanwhile, after the comaprison of the three lactone content of different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiong, the result shows that there is a large difference among the three lactone content of disparate producing areas’ ligusticum chuanxiong, thereinto, the difference of coniferyl ferulate is the largest. And the sencond largest are lactones A and ligustilide. The coniferyl ferulate content of the25batches ligusticum chuanxiong is2.4672-9.5497mg.g-1. ASenkyunolide A content is4.6254-11.0812mg·g-1. Ligustilide content is41.1715-73.6864mg.g-’. The clustering analysis makes clear that the lactone composition from traditional and non-traditional origins has no obvious difference.1.4The Detection of Fluorescent Material Contents in Ligusticum ChuanxiongAs one of the the traditional physical and chemical identification methods, fluorescent identification method is widely used into traditional Chinese medicine identification. However, this method often stays at the qualitative level, and there is just a small quantity of report on the analysis of Chinese medicine fluorescent material. The cross section of ligusticum chuanxiong presents the light blue fluorescent with the365nm UV lamp, adn this is the vital feature of ligusticum chuanxiong traditional physical and chemical identification. The fluorescent feature is on the basis of chemical component of medicinal materials conjugated structure. This task group researches the fluorescent feature of ligusticum chuanxiong and discovers that all the chemical compounds, such as chaff benzene lactone, dimer chaff benzene, lactone, ferulic acid, etc. belong to the π-π conjugate in the conjugated system. After scan found, the ligustilide and ligusticum chuanxiong fluorescent material have the same excitation wavelength and emission wavelength, and the excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of ligusticum chuanxiong are323nm and450nm. On this basis, this task group establishes a quantitative detection method of ligusticum chuanxiongs’ fluorescent material that takes chaff benzene lactone as controls. And this method is with the advantage of high sensitivity, a small number of sample quantity, strong selectivity, simple operation and speediness.This paper uses the method to determine the fluorescent substance content of traditional and non-traditional origins’ ligusticum chuanxiongs. The result shows that the difference of the fluorescent substance content among different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiongs (RSD%=15.93%), around2.4972%～4.5714%.1.5The Research of HPLC Finger-Print on Ethanol Extract of Ligusticum ChuanxiongThe ligusticum chuanxiong is rich in active ingredients such as naphtha, lactone and phenolic acids. In order to compare the chemical compositions and content differences of traditional and non-traditional origins’medicinal materials, this thesis establishes the ligusticum chuanxiong HPLC finger-print to investigate the chemical compositions and content differences of different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiong, and evaluate the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong in non-traditional area.This thesis adopts the collection of ethanol, and is based on the HPLC finger-print to make systematic analysis on the similarity. The result shows that the finger-print of different origins’ ligusticum chuanxiong has more than90%similarity with compared finger print, and the alcohol extract of chemical composition and content of the25batches of ligusticum chuanxiong from different producing areas are just with a very small gap.2. The Origin Comparative Study on Factors of Ecological EnvironmentEcological environment elements as an important factor that influences the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and also as a form the source of Chinese drugs, is always the key point of the study, but based on the diversity of the ecological environment factors, it is also a difficulty. Ecological environment factors that influences the quality of medicinal materials included many aspects, such as soil, climate, altitude, irrigation water, air. microorganism and mineral, etc. Based on the laboratory existing conditions and the difficulty of the research contents, this article mainly analyses the climate, elevation, and soil factors between different regions: 2.1The correlation between the active ingredients of Ligusticum chuanxiong and the Origin Climate FactorClimate is influenced by temperature, illumination, precipitation, etc. on medicine the accumulation of secondary metabolites. This thesis starts from collecting the datas of meteorological department of traditional and non-traditional origin local annual average temperature, annual average sunshine, annual rainfall, frost-free period, and using SPSS analysis software, with medicinal materials of ferulic acid and total phenolic acid, polysaccharide content, and the correlation analysis results show that the ferulic acid is negatively related to the origin of annual average tenderness in a certain, and polysaccharide content is negatively related to the elevation of origin exist.2.2The correlation between the active ingredients of Ligusticum chuanxiong and the Origin Soil Nutrition ValueThere are a plenty of research reports about the correlation of soil and traditional Chinese medicine, and mainly divided into the influence factors of soil texture, soil nutrients, soil inorganic element, soil acid, alkaline etc. This paper measures the origin in the soil available potassium, available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, organic matter, pH, etc. The results show that the origin of pH value of soil samples are around5.0, and belongs to the weak acid soil. The differences of nitrate nitrogen content in different origins are the largest, and the second largest are available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter.The analysis of the correlation between the soil nutrition value shows that there is a relationship between various factors, and the most significant correlation with organic matter and available potassium shows the effects of soil nutrient value of medicinal materials are not independent, but is a cooperation of all the nutritional values.Meanwhile, it also analysizes the soil nutrient value and rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong medicine effective component content, and the results show that soil nutrient value and rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong medicine effective components are significantly related, thereinto, the available potassium, organic matter and rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong chaff benzene ester and fluorescent material are in negative correlation, and the rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong lactone content are in positively correlated.2.3The correlation of Inorganic Elements in Origin Soil and MedicineInorganic elements are necessary for normal metabolism of plants, and according to different elements play different role in the metabolism of plants, they can be divided into essential elements, beneficial elements and harmful elements, etc. In order to analysize the inorganic elements in medicinal materials on soil enrichment, This paper uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determinate the different origin of medicinal materials and a variety of inorganic elements content in soil, including essential element B, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Cu, and harmful elements.As, Cd, Pb and other more than40kinds of microelements. Results show that different regions representative medicinal herbs in the heavy metal content, the As, Cu, and Pb accord with the standard (green trade standard of medicinal plants and agents of foreign trade and economic cooperation WM/T2-2004, quantum<20ug/g, As<2.0μg/g, Cu≤20μg/g, Pb<5.0μg/g,Cd<0.3μg/g). while only the Cd content of non-traditional origin, Peng Shan, is in a limited range.Through the analysis of medicinal herbs and soil inorganic elements, it is found that medicinal materials and inorganic elements in soil are significantly in positive correlation, namely, the amount of absorbing some elements is proportional to the amount of this element in soil environment. Calculation the enrichment of rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong for individual element shows that the ligusticum chuanxiong has a stronger enrichment effect on harmful element Cd, and then are Zn, B,Cu, Mo. This allows us to look forward to the cultivation of high quality ligusticum chuanxiong.The above studies of this paper derived, there was no significant difference in quality and eco-environmental factors of ligusticum chuanxiong from traditional and non-traditional origins, The conclusions show that the change of the ligusticum chuanxiong origins does not cause negative impact on the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong. The study also found that the Cd content of ligusticum chuanxiong from non-traditional lower than the traditional origins, that is only limited provisions. That is to say safety index of ligusticum chuanxiong from non-traditional origins higher than the traditional origins, non-traditional origins can be used as the scale production origins of ligusticum chuanxiong. Correlation analysis of the elements of the ecological environment and the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong shows that Eco-environmental factors synergistic effect on the quality of ligusticum chuanxiong. Soil potassium, organic matter and the altitude of different origins have great impact on the effective content of ligusticum chuanxiong. When introducted and cultivated, in addition to examine the overall ecological environmental conditions of the origin, should be noted rational fertilization, control the soil potassium, organic matter content and monitor the harmful elements contents of soil, could harvest high quality ligusticum chuanxiong. |
PDF Full Text Request