The Comparability Of Rhetoric Function Of Classifier Measure In Proverbs Between Japanse And Chinese

In Japanese, classifier words are used widely in several different situations, such as“何しろ使が来ないと云うのは却つて一缕の望みがあるんだ(谷崎润一郎《痴人の爱》)”.“缕”is originally used to quantify muslin, silk and thread and so on, which of them are the concrete matter. Remarkably,“望み”is described as the meaning of expectation or desire, which also means immaterial abstractions. However,“望み”was modified by“缕”through the method of synesthesia rhetoric in the example before, which gave us the long behaved feeling description vividly. Similarly, as the example“不信,请看那朵流星,是他们提着灯笼在走”from《天上的街市》written by the writer Moruo Guo in Chinese,"朵" was used to modify "falling stars" here which is originally as the classifier modifying flowers. From the metaphor of falling stars as flowers, the falling stars were described as splendid as flowers.According to the comparability described above, we can realize that function of classifiers is the words which can be the specialized function of rhetoric expression. The more felicitously when the classifier is adopted, the more sense of beauty we can get. Whether the rhetorical function of classifiers is similar in Japanese and Chinese or not, even though classifiers are similar between them? The author compiled all of the adages containing classifiers and the classifiers with the rhetorical function measure by referring《数ぇ方の辞典》(饭田朝子、2004)and《现代汉语量词用法词典》(郭先珍、2002),and《故事·俗信ことわざ大辞典》(小学馆、1982)in Japanese and《中国谚语大辞典》(温端政、2011)in Chinese, then compared the similarity and dissimilarity of the aspects of the classification, rhetoric, change and abnormal usage, rhetoric effect between Japanese and Chinese classifiers.This research testified that classifier is the specific expressive word class from the introduction of the basic conditions of the classifiers in Japanese and Chinese. We can’t match all classifiers in proverbs of Japanese and Chinese from the current research, however, some researches on classification of Japanese and Chinese classifiers have been published. Considering this situation, the author attempted to classify the classifiers as commonly classifiers and temporal classifiers according to the classifier’s character in proverbs, to expatiate on the rhetorical effect of temporal classifiers and focus on probing into the rhetoric ways and rhetorical effect of commonly classifiers. Due to the classifiers containing information of form and meaning, the author discussed the two representative parts of "changing and abnormal usage of classifiers" and "matching of the number one as classifier and numeral"as the mainly parts to describe the rhetorical effect. At last, the difference of rhetorical function in Japanese and Chinese proverbs was summarized.The classifier was classified as common classifiers and temporal classifiers according to the classifier’s character in proverbs. Common classifiers were divided as two categories of noun classifiers and momentum term, which noun classifiers are further divided into metrological measure words (length, area, capability, currency and others), time Classifier, individual classifier, container classifier, cultural and educational classifier, ensemble classifier, abstract classifier. Temporal classifier can be categorized in to classifier of noun, verb and adjective.A total of15rhetoric ways were summarized here, which of them are analogy, hyperbole, progress, antitheses, assimilate, straightforward style of writing, pun, metonymy, transferred epithet, enumeration, duality and omission. But the rhetoric ways of synesthesia, repetition and anadiplosis were only expressed in Chinese.Changing usage and abnormal usage of classifiers were not only discussed, but also their rhetoric effects. The alternative usage way of classifiers can be divided into two categories as synonym and non-synonymous alternation. Abnormal usage of classifiers were using as rhetoric ways of metaphor, hyperbole and analogy. A total of13aspects combination of "one" as classifier and numeral were classified into①rare materials,②finishing one thing fluently,③denotation of "full",“净”,"entirely",④denotation of incertitude of distance and time,⑤a class of things,⑥denotation of“吓一跳”and“吃一惊”,⑦integration、⑧the action and results appear in succession,⑧negation coming after,⑩non-countable,11denotation of similar、12denotation of thoroughness、13classifier of "场" coming after。Classifiers rhetoric ways reflected certain rhetorical effect. The author summarized rhetoric ways into7mainly parts, which of them were①to enhance imagination and imagination of expression vividly,②to help to understand the specific expression,③to enhance the emotional coloring,④to promote the lively rhythm,⑤to enhance the effect of contrast when two classifiers echoing with each other,⑥to differ the homonyms noun,⑦to make the language concise and clear.The difference of rhetorical function in Japanese and Chinese classifiers existing in aspects of quantity, form and meaning were summarized and the reasons of the difference were also analyzed as history and culture.