Research On Layout Evolution Of The Capital Cities In Tang And Song Dynasties

This thesis, with Chang’an City and Kaifeng City, the capital of Tang and NorthernSong Dynasty respectively as the research objects, focused on analyzing the transitionlayout process of capital city in Tang and Song Dynasty, further studied the features,reasons and influence of layout transition and the track of reform in many fields such associal and political system, economic structure and social life so as to reveal the deeprelation between the layout transition of capital of Tang and Song and the city economyand social development.Multiple-capital system is implemented in Tang and Song. This thesis studied thecapital of Tang and Song with Xijing Chang’an city in Tang and Dongjing Kaifeng Cityin Northern Song as the representative. The article is divided into5parts.Part1introduces the site selection and the capital construction in Tang and Songand analyzes the main reasons for the site selection and preliminary construction andplanning of the capital of Tang and Song.Part2analyzes the process of layout transition of capital of Tang and Song anddiscusses the changes of capitals in plane shape, overall pattern and function division inthree stages including early stage of Tang, middle and late stage of Tang and NorthernSong based on collection and analysis of historical literature.Part3explains the main features of layout transition of capital of Tang and Songfrom three main parts:1. from the rampart of external city to key city of three sets;2.from strictness of layout of capital to flexibility;3. from close workshop to open street.Part4discusses the reasons for layout transition of capital of Tang and Song fromgeographical condition, economic condition, political factor and historical factor.Part5analyzes the impact of layout transition of capital of Tang and SongBased on the analysis and discussion of layout transition process, features andimpact of capital of Tang and Song, we can see that with the reform of all aspectsincluding society, politics, economy, ideology and culture from Tang to Song, the layoutappearance, outline of structure of capital of Tang and Song have been gradually changedsignificantly. In Tang Dynasty, under the restriction of workshop system, the layout ofcapital is inevitable to show the feature of closeness, while the workshop system is broken in Song Dynasty, thus the open street system is formed, which provides broadspace for the development of city business economy and social culture. Additionally, thebusiness is further developed and public recreational activities are sprung up, which willfurther promote the transition of city layout.