The Influence Of Learning Times And Material Dififculty On JOL’s Absolute Accuracy

The meta-memory is a complex system of the meta-cognition. Now, most of themeta-memory studies are feeling-of-knowing(FOK), judgment of learning(JOL) andjudgment of confidence(JOC). JOL is studied by most researchers.There are two types of JOL by when it happens: immediate-JOL anddelayed-JOL. And there also are two types of JOL by judging an item or all items:item by item and overall items.The accuracy of JOL has two aspects: one is relativeaccuracy, the other is absolute accuracy. In this study, we focus on JOL’s absoluteaccuracy. JOL’s absolute accuracy also has both aspects: UWP effect and OWP effect.UWP effect refers to in repeated study tests, in the first study-test, JOL has a tendencyof overconfidence, but from the second study-test, JOL has a tendency ofunderconfidence. OWP effect refers to in repeated study tests, JOL tends tooverconfidence all the time. Koriat had examined across11studies and found theUWP effect in2002and he thought that the UWP effect has the robustness andpervasiveness in the repeated study-test. There are many theoretical hypothesizesexplaining the UWP effect, such as: cue utilization model, hard-easy hypothesis,retrieval hypothesis, anchoring-and-adjustment model and memory for past testheuristic (MPT). But all of them can’t fully explain UWP effects. There are notheoretical hypothesizes explaining the OWP effect, because OWP effect is onlyfound in the process of studies of the UWP effect. In the combination withconsequences of two previous studies, we find that changing the nature of the materialcan get different results; most of studies asked participants to study items twice, and ifwe ask them to learn more twice, the absolute accuracy of JOL will be how tochange?So this research explored the difficulty of material and the times of study onJOL’s absolute accuracy. The passing rate was chosen to evaluate the difficulty of allitems, and23participants who were undergraduates attended this experiment. Theystudied all the items for five times. The results were as follows:(1) In theimmediate-JOL condition, the UWP effect appeared both in easy and difficultitems;(2) In the delayed-JOL condition, there was no UWP effect in any items,butthere were a little overconfidence in easy items and OWP effect in difficult items;(3) Both UWP and OWP effects disappeared gradually following the repeating times.