Process Of North-South Relations In Sudan And Its Impact

North-South relations in Sudan can be traced back to early years of the19th century. Before independence, North-South relations ware affected by the rule of Turkey-Egyptian,Mahdi countries and Anglo-Egyptian Condominium,which present the distrust and contradiction growing trend. After independence, North-South relations assumed mainly the first civil war(1955-1972) and the second civil war(1983-2005). The latter is also called new civil war. In the short-lived and unstable peacetime from1972to1983which is based on Addis Ababa Agreement, western countries had achieved great success in oil exploration in southern Sudan. But the abundant oil deposits of the South didn’t promote the peaceful development of Sudan, adversely, it became the underlying trigger of the second civil war of Sudan. Undoubtedly, oil resouces to a certain degree had changed the nature of the Sudan’s North-South civil war, and develoed into the main reason for the lasting of the second civil war.Northern plundering of ivory and slaves in the southern Sudan was dominated in the early period of North-South relations;After the establishment of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, agricultural development projects were carried out in Sudan, for these reason, there appears the scramble for water and land resources and allocations of government expenditure between northern and southern Sudan. After independence, striving for the rights of the state administrative management emerging between the two, autonomy appeals of southern Sudan was increasingly strong.After the first civil war, the discoveries of oil in southern Sudan made North-South relations of the Sudan more complicated. The race for oil resources initiated the internationalization of the civil war. As time goes on, contending for the forth resources-water, land, funds and the government management-between northern and southern Sudan intertwined, which made the North-South disputes emerged the upgrade situation. Fighting for oil resources made the North-South relations complicated step by step.Striving for different resources between the two comes with the process of North-South relations. In fact, it is the very previous governments of Sudan in different periods that dominated the development courses of North-South relations. But no matter the colonial rulers before independence, nor civil government and military government which are alternative appearance after independence, always has not come into being a complete and systematic southern policy. In the response process of the southern policy of the Sudan government, the southern anti-government forces gradually pursue independence rather than regional autonomy from the northern Sudan. However, the relations between the south and north Sudan inherited the historical legacy of North-South relations never mean to peace, the pending issues between the two Sudans are still bothering the relations of the two countries. The warfare between the two Sudan recurrenced in2012, if we want to further understand the present relations between the two, we must seriously explor the historical process of Sudan’s North-South relations.