The Study Of The Structrue "V Shang(上)N Le(了)"

There are two meanings in the structure of "V shang (上)N le(了)’’.one means the action is doing and the other means the action has been realized or finished.The study of "V shang(上)N le(了)’’is not enough for the developing language. The thesis aims to find some characteristics of the structure of "V shang(上)N le(了)”when it is used in the discourse from two aspects of variable V and N.The first part proceeds from the aspect of variable V and studies some verbs which can be adopted in the structure of V shang(上)N le(了)’’.we also analysis the differences of verbs that are used in the structure of "V shang (上) N le (了)" means doing something or the action has been finished.This part studies verbs from three items:(1) the meaning points of the verbs, We find that when the verb points to the "SHANG",the structure "V shang(上)N le(了)”1neans the action has been realized or finished.this stucture also have other mean that if want to get the result,you must make great efforts,but when the verb points to anoher variable N,the structure "V shang(上)N le(了)"means the action is doing.It stresses that somebody is doing something,but the sentences usually have some negative words,maybe soemebody want to warn or give some advice;(2) the characteristic of the verbs.In this part, we divide "SHANG" into "SHANGi" and "SHANG2" the characteristic of the verbs connect with different "SHANG".The verb which can last a while will connet with "SHANG1".On the contry,the verb which disappar quickly will connet with "SHANG2";(3) the autonomy or nonautonomy of the verbs.If the verbs is autonomy or people can control the situation,the structrue may have variaous interpretations,or the verbs is nonautonomy or people cann’t control the situation,the structure will be interpretated as the action has been realized or finished.The reason causes this different means maybe if the verbs control the situation,people can decide the time longer or not.but if the verbs cann’t be control,people have to accept the situation so he cann’t decide the verbs time. And moreover,this part also studies form another variable N and finds that the meaning of noun, the particular reference or general reference and "youjie" or "wujie" affects the structure of "V shang (上)N1e(了)”recessively.In this part, the variable N play as result,place or way,the structure may also have different means.Meanwhile,we consider the variable N from congnitive linguistics.If the N is "youjie",the structure will only have one mean which is the action is doing.On the contract,if the N is "wujie",the structure will can be understood as variable means.There are also some specificities in the existential sentence.We find that it is unbanlance between positive "V上N了" and negative "V shang(上)N1e(了)”in the existential sentence as a special sentence.There are many reasons to cause this phenomenon and the different means of" V shang (上)N le(了)”nay be the main reason to cause this specificities.according to the analysis of the structure of "V shang (上)N1e(了)",we find that the variableV and N play different roles to effect the structure when it plays as the action is doing or the action has been realized or finished.The varaible V plays more important role than the variable N to effect the structure"V shang(上)N le(了)’’.The variable V effects the stucture more obvious than others.The second part distinguishes the various interpretations in the structure of "V shang(上)N1e(了)”.In order to help the teaching Chinese as second language, We try our best to find the differences of this structure when it is used in different forms from the aspects of negative,question and the alternate syntactical structure. Trying to find the differences of the structure from the negative aspects,we adopt the interal negation and external negation for the stucture. The methord of internal negation and external negation is effective thought to make a distinction between "V shang(上)N le(了)”means the action is doing and "V shang(上)N le(了)"means the action has been realized or finished.The third and fouth parts try to find some errors of students when they studied this structure and some advantages and disadvantages of volunteers and teachers when they taught this structure basis on the investigation and analyses of the writer’s overseas teaching experience in cameroon thereby lead construction grammar into the teaching Chinese as second language.According the analysis of the investigation,we find that there are main reason to cause the foreign students make some error when they study Chinese as second language. One is the negative transfer of their mother language and the other is the negative transfer of target languge which are learnt before.As the same analysis as the study of teacher methords, we can assert that when the teacher try to teach foreignors with the help of using interlanguge or other auxiliary language,The interlanguage and auxiliary language may also have negative influnce to the foreignors.In order to getting the best result when some teachers teach in oversea. We try to take some help form new construction grammar and Try to use this theroy to direct our teaching methords.Also we must use the construction grammar basic on synthesizing the teaching Chinese as second language methords before. We use some comprehensive methords to the benefit of forgeinors who want to learn Chinese as second languge.In a word,this thesis studies the structure of "V shang(上)N le(了)’’in theory and application,Looking forward to finding some break from grammar and semantics and then leading construction grammar to helping teaching Chinese as second language.We also hope to offer some help for teaching Chinese as second language later.