The Research Of The Song Dynasty Hermit

Hermit is a special group in ancient society of China. The culture of reclusion permeate in Chinese traditional culture and affect ancient intellectuals silently. As the known official history, the Twenty-Four Histories record every dynasty of hermits who build Chinese traditional culture with faithful women,minister and military officer.Song dynasty is an important phase in the history of the feudal society in China. It was a period with political weakness, economic development, prosperous in culture and human broad-minded in Chinese history. In song dynasty, not only the number of hermit, but also the connotation of the culture had some new characteristics. Through the study of the hermits in Song dynasty, we can find that the time distribution of mainly song dynasty hermits is in the northern song dynasty, and the spatial distribution is in the southern region. The reason of the distribution include the geographical environment factor, the social policy, culture factor and other reasons. Most Song dynasty hermit has basic life secure. Some of them have rich property from family. Some depend on self-reliance, such as engaged in agricultural production, business activities or teaching. Some get reward and financed by government. As to social interaction, the song dynasty hermit’s counterpart is diversified, include between a hermit and hermit exchanges, hermit with officials, hermit monks exchanges, etc. The seclusion literature emerge different characteristics in different period. In the early time, most of hermits are indifferent to fame and wealth. They pursue spiritual freedom and willing to living in the mountain forest. So the seclusion literature present elegant features at this time. In the middle and later periods of Song dynasty, the direction of seclude is from the mountain forest to officialdom. The hermit pursue of mental freedom instead of physical freedom. The representative personages of this period are officers. They look forward to a free life, but they can not, so the seclusion literature emerge a lonely feature. To the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor is negative. The politics was dark and hard career, which leading to scholar-bureaucrats thoughts changed.Many people give up office and retire into the country They paid little attention to social issues, but the natural scenery, so the seclusion literature emerge a freshness feature.Since the Song dynasty ruling class hold the respect attitude to the hermit, and the behavior of seclude is popular in the intelligentsia, so the hermit and seclusion literature in song dynasty had important impact on society. In politics, it provide a way which is accepted by the mainstream of society for intellectuals who is not be an official. In culture, the hermit play a important role in the aspect of moral integration, maintain social stability and had a profound influence on later generations.