The Dialectical Analysis On Jiudu And Youdu In"Ancient And Modern Chinese Dictionary"

Jiudu and Youdu is often used in modern Chinese dictionaries. Various dictionaries have Considerable differences understanding on Jiudu and Youdu,thus it lead to the labeling standards differ and the annotation style chaotic. Based on this, we selected the "ancient and modern Chinese dictionary" as the research platform. Through exhaustivenessly analysis the Jiudu and Youdu, give our view on how to define the Jiudu and Youdu, and modern Chinese dictionaries how to deal with Jiudu and Youdu.This paper mainly includes the following several parts:The first chapter is introduction, introduced the selected topic’s origin, and the status, methods, goals and significances of the Jiudu and Youdu research. We use the enclosed exhaustiveness corpus complement method and inductive method, internal method and the research methods of comparative analysis method. Mintime, we use the combination method of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis.To introduce the research status of the Jiudu and Youdu, we analyses the main general cases in Chinese dictionary from the period of the republic of China to the contemporary Chinese, and the annotation style to the Jiudu and Youdu, both the internal analysis of each style in the dictionaries of phonetic and phonetic notation style of external comparison between the various dictionaries. At the same time, we also combed the other relevant discussions in this paper. On this basis, we obtained the general knowledge of predecessors to the Jiudu and Youdu situation.The second chapter discusses the Jiudu’s sound source in the "Ancient and Modern Chinese Dictionary",and discriminate and demonstrate the consistency of its marked the Jiudu. Through the analysis, we believe that the Jiudu can be divided into two broad categories:The unbroken pronunciation Jiudu and the broken pronunciation Jiudu. The unbroken pronunciation Jiudu mainly includes these small classes:the old rhyme figure, spoken and written language variant pronunciation, forced to read, and mouth phonetic variant and so on. The unbroken pronunciation Jiudu is old reading, which generally do not agree to the actual mandarin pronunciation of the new statements, the old have history according to law, in line with the methods of the evolution law, and the place they have for a long time in reading. Because of the evolution of voice and replaced by other sounds, they or be ShenYinBiao finalized system book, or without the ShenYinBiao revised it, but in actual mandarin has basically don’t have to.The broken pronunciation which do not in mandarin sound system also has the characteristic, and they shall be carried out in accordance with the annotation style of the old read annotations.The third chapter discusses the youdu’s sound source in "Ancient and Modern Chinese Dictionary",and discriminate and demonstrate the consistency of its marked the Youdu. Through analysis, we can divide the Youdu in "Ancient and Modern Chinese Dictionary" into the synonymous variant pronunciation of rhyme books and two sound today are synonymous with conventional variant pronunciation. The former most derived from the medieval synonymous variant pronunciation, this class words are mainly very with the old saying words and the text words,"Ancient and Modern Chinese Dictionary " is read in to choose his own at the same time notes the Youdu may for reasons of reference test.The fourth chapter reviews the Jiudu and Youdu of "Ancient and Modern Chinese Dictionary ", points out the problems of the Jiudu and Youdu,and on this basis discusses the reason for the difficult part of variant pronunciation words. Meanwhile,we explor the examination and correction on phonetic notation about the two sounds of Synonymy variant pronunciation of the rhyme books. Summarizing some principles of examination and correction phonetic notation. The last on how to define the Jiudu and Youdu and modern Chinese dictionaries how to deal with this two issues our opinions are given.The basic conclusion of this paper is that Jiudu and Youdu are relative to Mandarin. Jiudu is an old pronunciation which has the old historical basis, in line with tangential evolution, but does not match with the actual voice of Mandarin. Jiudu is inclusive of two categories:non-broken pronunciation Jiudu and broken pronunciation Jiudu. Non-broken pronunciation is due to the habit of misreading, mandatory tuning of voice,phonetic change of Spoken language and other factors. Broken pronunciation Jiudu is generated by the confluence of voice. It refers to the original tone and broken pronunciation, two tone corresponding to ambiguity, due to the evolution of the meaning, the development and change of voice, today, two sounds are basic confluence in the spoken language, only remaining one tone, another sound (generally is broken pronunciation) becomes Jiudu. Youdu is one tone of Synonymy variant pronunciation(that is not literary and colloquial readings), which is not so conventional compared with Tongdu. The most significant difference between Jiudu and Youdu is Jiudu is inconsistent with the actual voice of Mandarin, and Jiudu is inparallel with Tongdu, while, Youdu and Tongdu are both conventional, and Youdu is parallel with Tongdu; Secondly, Youdu and Tongdu are definitely not form opposition in meaning, but broken pronunciation Jiudu and Tongdu are definitely form opposition in meaning.Modern Chinese dictionaries for Jiudu and Youdu processing should be prudent. In terms of Podu, and not all Podu can be read processing according to the Jiudu. We believe that the actual speech situation of a word, the distance of the association between the word’s meaning and the effect size of grammar means auxiliary distinguishes are the key to decide whether or not the Podu by the Jiudu process. So, now the Podu of a word which already in spoken mandarin phonetic system, and developed into multiple sound and meaning word and then divided by the Podu’s meaning can’t according to the Jiudu phonetic notation; And for those ancient popular surface is not wide, medieval times has gradually die,and the offspring’s evidences and strikings are not included in the pronunciation, can consider to remove Podu directly (namely the original sound govern both original meaning and Podu meaning, and not with the Jiudu phonetic notation). For those ancient pass wide and medieval times still active, offspring are inheriting also should be depends:If Podu of a word has its unique semantic value, or do not Podu will cause misunderstanding and ambiguity,the Podu criterion is appropriate, that to say,the separation of the original sound and broken pronunciation, arranging meanings respectively. On the other hand, it is not appropriate to Podu for a word, and should be make phonetic notation according to the Jiudu. For the Jiudu of non-Podu word can choose whether to mark according to the types of dictionary. As for Synonymy variant pronunciation,its two sounds are both conventional,if the "Shen YinBiao finalized system book" has not unified it,we should put another conventional pronunciation behind the Tongdu. However,if it has unified by "Shen YinBiao finalized system book",we should case-by-case. If the pronunciation revision are reasonable, and it has been accept by people,we might consider directly eliminat the pronunciation, while if the revision are not reasonable,and it has not accept by people, we should put the Youdu behind the Tongdu, so as to give some reference for future revison.As for the Synonymy variant pronunciation of rhyme books, we should,firstly, set reasonable principals,on this base, revise the variant pronunciation in order to narrow diffirences and set standard pronunciation.The formation of matching between sound and meaning is the result of established and accepted, but the result is not immutable once agreed on, it evolved over time, the old convention initially broken by a few people, the society had become accustomed to the new language, the question arose a new convention rules. By the change of rules between old and new convention the matching between sound and meaning has along the track forward in the process, producing part of the restructuring relations between sound and meaning. For reflecting the meaning of the word on the plane lasted pronunciation, we should respect the convention current and recognize the reality of present’s voice, to take care of the ancient convention.