Development Of Party Politics In The Late Western Europe In19^th Century And The Second International Change

In late19th century, as the end of the bourgeois revolution, the western European society had entered to a relatively "peace" stage of development. The rapid development of economy, productivity caused the profound change of the production relations. The major western countries successively built up modern industrial system based on with industry, thus the monopoly capital generated. Politically, the establishment and expansion of representative democracy and universal suffrage make the party inside and outside parliament and all kinds of social organizations get rapid development. Productivity development brings economic prosperity, but also intensified the inherent basic contradiction of capitalism. The international Labour movement gradually recovered after suffering the failure shadow of the Paris commune. Under the guidance of Marx and Engels, the working class and the parties organized, and selected universal suffrage as a main battle mode, successfully solved the legitimacy problem.The Second International is established under this background. From the day it was established, the Second international had to confront the fact that the successive development of party politics. The legalization of democracy and the expansion of universal suffrage, make election become the typical characteristic of political democracy. Party organizations and political views become open. On the one hand, the bourgeois political parties transformed from the traditional "powerful party" gradually to public party. On the other hand, working class parties all around the world, complied with the trend of democratic development, accustomed to using democratic legal means to gain an advantage, and obtained remarkable achievements. The Second International moved towards disintegration in the development process of party politics.Why the Second International bankrupted, scholars mainly looked for internal reasons, departed from the specific historical condition at that time. So it is difficult to get the true from conclusion. The Second International, as the international union for the socialist party, it is the time background of modernization and democratization process in Western Europe; as a national socialist party, they are in the middle of a certain domestic situation. Considering the largest background——the development of democratic politics, this paper mainly discuss how development of party politics influenced the change of the Second International.This paper mainly adopts literature research method. Through a great many of literature research, the inner link between the Second International and western Europe party politics in the second half19th century was found. Party politics provide a stage and carrier for peace movement, which ease the class contradictions to a certain extent. Meanwhile the proletariat and its political party’s attention appeal to the parliament. The shift trend is irreversible, which objectively matched the contemporary social and political development rule. Therefore, the Second International’s bankruptcy attributed to the reality, which is the inevitable outcome of the development of democratic politics.