Vietnamese Envoy Of The Qing Dynasty In China Friendship Dynasty

Vietnam called “Jiao-zhi” in the history, whose north had long been a county ofChina. In A.D.968, Dinh Bo Linh pacified “Rebellion of A Dozen Local MilitaryChiefs” and then set up “Da Qu Yue”. Vietnam got rid of the feudal rule of China andembarked on an independent road from there. Later China and Vietnam sent missionsto each other in successive dynasties, maintaining a long-term and stable suzerain-vassal state relationship. With the Qing army entering Shanhai Pass in1644, theCentral Plain entered a time of the reign of Qing Dynasty. Although the rulers of QingDynasty were ethnic minorities, their consciousness of Huaxia centralism was alsoingrained and unshakable. In order to build authority as early as possible, the rulersshowed great initiative in the establishing of suzerain-vassal state relationship withVietnam. With the gradual consolidation of Qing Dynasty, The Sino-Vietnamsuzerain-vassal state relationship was eventually established. During this time,considering the reality, Vietnam behaved from contracting an alliance with MingDynasty to struggle against Qing Dynasty to abandoning Ming Dynasty in the end.During the Qing Dynasty, under the dominance of the suzerain-vassal staterelationship, the kings of Vietnam sent missions to Qing Dynasty frequently. Theseenvoys from Vietnam who were selected carefully by the rulers were almost elites intheir own state. Most of them were proficient in Sinology and they could skillfullycreated literary works in Chinese. During in China, they were impressed by itsscenery, worldly wisdom and so on. At the same time, by convention, they wouldrecord the Yan Hang experience into their books which were called ‘Yan HangLiterature’. The Vietnamese Yan Xing Literature Integration(Collection in Vietnam)collects79Yan Xing Literature of53envoys of Vietnam which experienced Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties from1314to1884. It shows us the social reality of thatperiod by an Exotic Eye. Based on The Vietnamese Yan Xing LiteratureIntegration(Collection in Vietnam), in this paper, I try to analyze, organize andeventually summarize some basic situation of the envoys from Vietnam during theystayed in China, such as their identities, missions, Yan Xing Literature and so on.During in China, they made intercourse with many celebrities after they completedpolitical missions, so that their friend-group was very extensive. They responded to apoem with a poem when they made contact with Stratum of scholars and the forms of their literature communication were extremely varied. In the process, both of themmade friendly chapters between Vietnam and China. In addition, Korea and Ryukyuwere vassal states as Vietnam in Qing dynasty and the official language of the threestates was all Chinese. When the envoys of Vietnam paid tribute to the Qing dynasty,they associated with the envoys of Korea and Ryukyu frequently and there were agreat deal of poetry handed down to generations. At last, they forged deep friendship.Meanwhile, the envoys of Vietnam showed their China concept which appeared theircontradictory position on Qing dynasty, that was political rejects and cultural identity.All of these are significant for us to clarify the clue and learn the development ofSino-Vietnamese relations. Furthermore, it also has certain reference value forstudying the relationships between China and other neighboring countries and regions.