Shanxi Folk Ornaments Ancient Architecture Oil Painting Production Materials And Process Analysis

Chinese ancient wooden construction painting is an important part of construction and reflects the architectural art. Furthermore, the construction painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties can represent the highest artistry. On account of different painting materials and processes, ancient construction painiting can be divided into official painting and folk painting. Official construction paintings are mostly remained on royal architechtures, while folk construction paintings widely distribute in China, especially concentrated in Shanxi province where famous for the largest number and the richest resourse of ancient constructions. Shanxi, with the beautiful reputation of "ancient architectural art museum", has so many various and precious construction paintings that can be the essence and typical case of folk painting art, thus it can be the key point of studying folk construction painting. However those paintings have been suffering from the natural and social environment so that they have begun to deteriorate which need conservation immediately. The main content of this thesis is as following:(1) Making process research of ancient folk construction painting in Shanxi province. Typical folk construction painting samples taken from different areas and constructions were made by means of resin embedded to get the cross-sections and then were observed using stereomicroscope to analyse the making processes. The result showed that folk construction painting samples all had simple structures, especially in plaster where earth-use-only is a commonly used process. That led a crumbly plaster struction.(2) Plaster materials research of ancient folk construction painting in Shanxi province. Plaster materials of the samples were systematically analysed by multiple techniques such as XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM-EDX. It was resulted that earth or paper were mostly utilized instead of brick ash as plaster of folk construction paintings in Shanxi, and there was almost no plant fiber as bast in plaster. This great distinction from official construction painting material was seldom seen before.(3) Color part materials research of ancient folk construction painting in Shanxi province. Painting materials of the samples were tested by multiple techniques such as XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, GC-MS, FTIR. It was found that pigments in paintings were mostly common minerals like lead white, carbon black, ultramarine and atacamite. Organic dye was also found to be used. Additionally, gold-covering process was seldom used in folk construction painting.Compared with official construction painting, the using of maudlin materials such as earth or paper in folk construction painting led to deterioration easier, faster and more serious, which badly need preservation and enlarge the difficulty of preservation at the same time. Thus, this research of making materials and processes of folk construction painting in Shanxi is helpful for choosing the suitable materials and processes in conservation or restoration with obeying the "minimal prevention" principle. What’s more, the research can also guide for scientific conservation and restoration of folk construction painting from other areas.