Classical Writers Theory Of Socialist Social Characteristics And Development In Contemporary China

The questions of how to distinguish capitalism and socialism and what features do socialism have have always been questions among theoretical circles. As Marx and Engles indicated, under the premise of the highly developed large-scale production and the intensification of the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie,social changes will ensue, establishing a new system and a new society that are different from capitalist society, a society which they called communist or socialist society. As the productivity of this society is highly developed and material wealth is very rich, productions will be belong to the whole society, and the commodity production and exchanges are abolished, also personal consumer products will come to the implement" From each according to his ability, to each according to his demand";differences between classes also disappear, the political state gradually demise; a new way of life and spiritual culture will be produced; everyone has a free and comprehensive development, finally, the human achieves a leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom.Lenin, who led the establishment of the world’s first socialist state, led the Soviet people in the process of socialist construction.On the one hand,he insisted and inherited Marx and Engel’s general views on the characteristics of the socialist society; on the other hand,he had a new understanding on the socialist characteristics."Calculation and supervision is socialism", said Lenin in the October Revolution, and "reasonable and evenly distributing food" is the principle of socialism during the civil war; inperiod of the New Economic Policy, he put forward that things that are appraised as "certainly better than the old system" aresocialism.Contemporary Chinese communists, based on classical writers’socialist theories and the practice of socialism in China, have developed further the classical writers’ theories. In the period of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping put forward an "overriding criteria" of whether the productive forces have developed and whether the people’s income increases. A"three benefits" standard to judge the economic development and social progressas well as a theory of the essence of socialism. Jiang Zemin, according to the domestic and international situationat the turn of the century, pointed out that socialist society is an all-round developed and a more harmonious society. He also proposed the basic program for the primary stage of socialism and the"Three Represents" important thought. On the basis of JiangZemin’s thought,Hu Jintao thinks that the socialist society must be scientifically developed thus the concept of scientifically development had been put forward which further pointed out that "harmony" is an essential attribute of a socialism. He also proposed new requirements for comprehensively building a well-off society.All of the leaders understood socialism from social practices, and dynamically grasped the socialist standards, which are of great significance for the development of socialist theory and for guiding the practice of socialism.