Study Of Marxist Theory Of The Classical Writers Of The East Farmers

The thesis systematically studies the classical Marxist writers' theories on orient peasants' problems and tries to absorb the theoretical power for solving the peasants' problems.Marx and Engels deeply studied the peasants' problems in the eastern countries such as Russia, China, India, Turkey, Persia and so on, providing us a lot of materials. The study was mainly presented in the famous works like On Capital, On Being Against Dulin, The Economics Manuscript, The Notes on Anthropology, The Notes on history and the essays about the countries like India, China, Egypt, Turkey, Persia, Algeria and so on. Marx and Engels put forward many important theories by studying the peasants and their problems in the orient countries such as Russia, China and so on. In the Russian revolution and socialistic construction, Lenin was always attaching importance to the peasants' problems, inheriting and developing Marx and Engles' theories about orient peasants' problems. After Lenin's death, Soviet Union was still a rustic country. How to lead the majority peasants along the socialistic road is a significant part of Stalin's practices and his theoretical thoughts. Stalin made lots of misplays on the peasants' problems because of various reasons. Mao Zedong's theory and practice on the peasants' problems enormously enriched and developed the Marxist theories on the orient peasants' problems. Because Mao Zedong made the "left" mistakes on the direction thoughts in his late years, the settlement of Chinese peasants' problems ran into the traps of collectivization and communization. Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lesson on the peasants' problems in China, Soviet Union and so on. At the same time, he led the Chinese peasants to practice the "families unite and produce and contract responsibility" system. Finally, he found the more effective approach of constructing socialism. Deng Xiaoping's theory on the peasants' problems is a significant part of the Chinese-characteristic socialism and it indicates the enrichment and development of the Marxist theory on the orient peasants in the new period. At the beginning of the new century, the new-generation leading collectivity of the Chinese Communist Party puts forward the idea of constructing the socialistic new countryside, sticking to and developing the Marxist classical writers' ideas.Marxist classical writers' theories on the orient peasants' problems are the theories of solving the peasants' problems during the revolution and constructing the socialism in the orient countries such as Russia, China etc., written by Marx, Engles, Lenin, Stalin, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and so on. The orient countries such as Russia, China, Korea, Vietnam and so on are all peasantry countries. There are a lot of peasants who are poor in the countries. The peasants' problem is the maximal one in the revolution and construction. The essoy deeply studies and explains the classical Maxist writers' ideas regarding the status and Positions of the orient peasants within the old institution, regarding the possibility and necessity of the proletariate's leading the orient peasants, regarding the Orient peasant's land-reform and the establishing of the work-peasant democratic regime, and regarding the derelopment of economic collaboration. Moreover, it especially analyses the classical Maxist writers' theory on Orient Peasants' problem in the process of socialistic construction, in particular, the one a bout the treat ment of the abore problems and theirs respective characters. Accordingly, the essay deeply interprets the peasant's problem today and how the ideas on the construction of the socialistic new countryside does in herit and develop the classical Maxist writer's theofy on Orient peasants' problems. The study in the essay has the following four outstanding characteristics:First, the essay deeply digs and expounds "the theory on the orient peasants' problems by Marx and Engles" for the first time. Then it regards the theory as the start of the study. Consequently the essay exploits the new study field of the Marxist theories and produces the new method of studying the Marxist theories, filling up the vacancy in the domestic and foreign study of this field and criticizing the western Marxist pursuers' attack on the Marxist theories about the peasants' problems.Second, bringing forth the Marxist classical writers' important theories in the study of the orient peasants' problems is beneficial for inheriting and developing the Marxist classical writers' significant thoughts. Marxist classical writers' important idea or theory on the orient peasants' problems is the result of continuous theoretical and practical innovation. The theory is still in the uninterrupted enrichment and development. The study and explanation of the theory can effectively prove the life-force and the contemporary value of the Marxist classical writers' theories on the orient peasants' problems.Third, the essay deeply studies and explains the idea of constructing the socialistic new countryside advanced by the CCP in the new period. It is theoretically and practically important for improving building the socialistic new countryside. The idea of constructing the socialistic new countryside advanced by the CCP in the new period mainly includes the following content: the proletariate party should put the peasants' problems at the key station in developing the economy and society; it should focus the rural economics and set developing the rural productivity at the first place; it should practise developing the city and countryside as a whole and advance the construction of the new countryside; it should stick up for the peasants' benefit and mobilize the peasants' positivity; it should actively grow the peasants' cooperative economy organizations and enhance the degree of the peasants' systematization; it should reinforce the construction of the democracy in the countryside and vindicate the peasants' right of democracy; it should strengthen the cultural construction and improve the peasants' making and so on. That means the inheriting and development of the Marxist classical writers' theories on the orient peasants and greatly enriches the mine of Marxist theories.Fourthly, the essay inaugurates the studying method. The essay gives a special study and a systematic explanation of the Marxist classical writers' theories on the peasants' problems, employing the methods of unifying history and logic, unifying the theoretical explanation and practical explanation, unifying the study of the principle and the study of the original work, etc.. It exhibits the historical process in which the classical writers' theories on the orient peasants' developed and evolved, and at the same time it primarily builds the system of the Marxist theories on the orient peasants' problems.