Study Of The Quota System Of U.S. Higher Education Enrollment

The quota system of U.S. higher education enrollment can be divide into threeperiods. The ifrst peirod is the end of the nineteenth century to the nineteen fitfies. Itused to limit the students who came from some groups which were divided by racial andreligious factors. The second peirod is the nineteen sixties to the end of the seventies.The quota system turned into a policy which gives preferential treatment to minority.There were two kinds of it. One is in the enrollment directly for the minority to set asidethe corresponding places, white competition remaining places; another is the commonname for all competitive admissions to minority candidates with a certain fraction towhite candidates in the recruitment. The third period since atfer the1978Bakkc case,quota system connotation changed again. The racial is a plus factor in enrollment.This paper based on the three eases, Grutter, Bakke, Gralz. It mainly studies on thecontroversies of the quota system of U.S. higher education enrollment. Through theresearch, we can know that U.S. higher education enrollment still need quota system toregulate.This article is divided into ifve parts:The ifrst chapter introduces signiifcance of the topic, research status at home andabroad, the main research framework.The second chapter is the historical evolution of quota system. It divided threeparts: the early United States higher education quotas, atfer the aiffrmative action andafter the Bakke case.I he third chapter discusses the controversies about quota system abolition or not.First，it introduces the three major cases. Second, it is about the controversies. There aretwo basic points of controversies, racial discirmination and the diverse population ofUnited States. The debate on this issue is divided into two categoires, one is whether theUnited States have domestic racial discrimination or net; another is whether diversityenrollment is appropriate.The fourth chapter discusses the effect of quota system. After the Affirmativeaction, quotas has been implemented for40years. It has achieved certain results. This chapter will analyze the related data and appraise the controversies caused by quota.The last part is the conclusion. It summairzes the full text. The quota system isintended to compensate for minoirty. Its purpose changed two times. Now, equal is itsmanly purpose.